{"id":4933,"date":"2020-01-13T02:43:18","date_gmt":"2020-01-13T02:43:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/?page_id=4933"},"modified":"2024-09-04T14:22:45","modified_gmt":"2024-09-04T14:22:45","slug":"resolucao-comentada-termodinamica-2018-2019","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/vestibulares-recentes\/fisica-termica\/termodinamica-2018-2019\/resolucao-comentada-termodinamica-2018-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"Resolu\u00e7\u00e3o Comentada \u2013 Termodin\u00e2mica \u2013 2018-2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

Resolu\u00e7\u00e3o Comentada \u2013 Termodin\u00e2mica \u2013 2018-2019<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

01-<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Equa\u00e7\u00e3o geral dos gases perfeitos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

02-<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(F)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>Pelo gr\u00e1fico o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>material Y se contrai\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(volume diminui) quando a temperatura aumenta\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>at\u00e9 5\u00a0oC<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, e<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

somente a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>partir dessa temperatura passa a dilatar-se (volume aumentando).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(V)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Veja no\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>gr\u00e1fico<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0que em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>T = 5\u00a0oC o volume de Y (VY) \u00e9 menor que o de X (VX).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

R- A<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

03-<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

04-<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o isoc\u00f3rica, isom\u00e9trica ou isovolum\u00e9trica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Nessa\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>transforma\u00e7\u00e3o o volume \u00e9 mantido constante<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0(isso=igual; coros=volume).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Os f\u00edsicos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Jacques Charles e Gay-Lussac descobriram experimentalmente que<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>,\u00a0numa\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>transforma\u00e7\u00e3o isoc\u00f3rica, a press\u00e3o (P) \u00e9 diretamente proporcional \u00e0 temperatura absoluta (T),\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ou seja:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>express\u00e3o acima<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0s\u00f3 \u00e9 v\u00e1lida se considerarmos a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>temperatura absoluta,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>isto \u00e9, na\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>escala kelvin.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Se a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>temperatura for medida em graus Celsius, isso n\u00e3o se aplica.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Na express\u00e3o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Po\u00a0\/To\u00a0= P\/T, conhecida como\u00a0lei de Charles,\u00a0Po\u00a0e To\u00a0representam a press\u00e3o e a<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>temperatura absoluta do g\u00e1s no estado inicial:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>P e T representam, respectivamente, a press\u00e3o e a temperatura absoluta do g\u00e1s no estado final.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Pode-se\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>transformar uma indica\u00e7\u00e3o de uma escala para outra\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>conforme o procedimento a seguir,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

de acordo com a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>rela\u00e7\u00e3o matem\u00e1tica baseada no teorema de Thales.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

05-<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o isob\u00e1rica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Ocorre \u00e0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>press\u00e3o constante (isso = igual; barros = press\u00e3o).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>O f\u00edsico\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Jacques\u00a0Charles<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0observou que, para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>certa massa de g\u00e1s perfeito, mantida a press\u00e3o constante, o volume \u00e9 diretamente proporcional \u00e0 temperatura absoluta,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ou seja:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>rela\u00e7\u00e3o acima \u00e9 denominada lei de Charles e Gay-Lussac para transforma\u00e7\u00f5es isob\u00e1ricas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0e cujo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>gr\u00e1fico V x T est\u00e1 representado abaixo:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

R- C<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

06-<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sublima\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00e9 um\u00a0fen\u00f4meno\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>f\u00edsico-qu\u00edmico\u00a0que consiste na\u00a0passagem direta de uma subst\u00e2ncia do estado s\u00f3lido para o estado gasoso\u00a0e vice-versa,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0sem passar pelo estado l\u00edquido.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Alguns dos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>exemplos mais comuns de sublima\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>s\u00e3o a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>naftalina, iodo e gelo seco.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R- B<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

07-<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o isob\u00e1rica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o isot\u00e9rmica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

R- A<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

08-<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

R- C<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

09-<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

R- E<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

10-<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Podemos calcular a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>efici\u00eancia \u03b7<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0da m\u00e1quina como a raz\u00e3o entre o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>trabalho W realizado\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>pela m\u00e1quina e o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>calor Q inserido<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>nela<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>trabalho realizado\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>se obt\u00e9m atrav\u00e9s da\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e1rea compreendida dentro do ciclo triangular<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, logo, obtemos o trabalho como<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

J\u00e1 o calor inserido deve ser calculado sobre as\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>trajet\u00f3rias de A a B\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>B a C<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, pois \u00e9 onde a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>temperatura aumenta<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Como o g\u00e1s \u00e9\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ideal e monoat\u00f4mico<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, conv\u00e9m relembrar algumas rela\u00e7\u00f5es para esse tipo de g\u00e1s utilizando o n\u00famero de mols n e a constante dos gases ideais R:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

11-<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>v\u00e1lvula de seguran\u00e7a s\u00f3 ser\u00e1 acionada se a temperatura do g\u00e1s atingir um valor limite T\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>at\u00e9 que isso ocorra o volume do g\u00e1s no interior da panela ser\u00e1 constante<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0(transforma\u00e7\u00e3o isoc\u00f3rica, isom\u00e9trica ou isovolum\u00e9trica).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o isoc\u00f3rica, isom\u00e9trica ou isovolum\u00e9trica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

12-<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

R- A<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

13-<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Diagrama de estado \u2013 ponto triplo, tr\u00edplice \u2013 C)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Veja figura abaixo:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

R- A<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

14-<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o isot\u00e9rmica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

P<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>.V<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0= P.V\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0P<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>.V<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0= P.V<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\/2\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>P<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\/P = 1\/2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R- E<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

15-<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Primeiro princ\u00edpio da termodin\u00e2mica aplicado numa\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>transforma\u00e7\u00e3o C\u00edclica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>alternativa correta \u00e9 a (A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>conforme\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>as informa\u00e7\u00f5es acima<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R- A<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

16-<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Rendimento de uma m\u00e1quina t\u00e9rmica de Carnot:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u03b7 = 1 \u2013\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>=\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>1 \u2013 = 1 \u2013 0,2 \u03b7 = 0,8\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u03b7 = 80%.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R- D<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

17-<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) Falsa \u25ba n\u00e3o s\u00e3o equivalentes apesar de serem isot\u00e9rmica,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>pois ocorrem a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>temperaturas diferentes<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0e, em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>AB recebe energia do meio exterior e em CD cede energia ao meio exterior.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) Correta \u25ba a temperatura est\u00e1 aumentando e\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>quando isso acontece\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a energia interna do sistema aumenta.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) Falsa \u25bao trabalho realizado\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>corresponde<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00e0 \u00e1rea do ciclo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) Falsa \u25ba s\u00e3o duas isot\u00e9rmicas e duas isovolum\u00e9tricas\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(isoc\u00f3ricas ou isom\u00e9tricas).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(E) Falsa \u25ba a temperatura \u00e9 constante,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mas\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o volume est\u00e1 aumentando e o g\u00e1s est\u00e1 recebendo calor.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R- B<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

18-<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Quando dois ou mais corpos que est\u00e3o a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>temperaturas diferentes s\u00e3o colocados em contato,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ocorrer\u00e1 uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>transfer\u00eancia de energia do corpo de maior temperatura para o corpo de menor temperatura.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Essa\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>transfer\u00eancia de energia ocorre at\u00e9 que os dois corpos tenham a mesma temperatura (mesmo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

estado t\u00e9rmico,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mesmo n\u00edvel de vibra\u00e7\u00e3o das mol\u00e9culas), estejam numa situa\u00e7\u00e3o de equil\u00edbrio.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Essa\u00a0transfer\u00eancia de energia\u00a0recebe o nome de\u00a0calor<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ent\u00e3o o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>g\u00e1s que est\u00e1 na primeira c\u00e2mara\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(menor temperatura)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>recebe calor da outra de maior<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

temperatura\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(Q > 0) e sua\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>energia interna aumenta porque sua varia\u00e7\u00e3o de temperatura tamb\u00e9m aumenta<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0(<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0394U<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0> 0).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R- A<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

19-<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Segundo Princ\u00edpio da Termodin\u00e2mica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

R- B<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

20-<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Veja o formul\u00e1rio abaixo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

R- D<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

21-<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Rendimento de uma m\u00e1quina t\u00e9rmica de Carnot<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

R- B<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

22-<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a) Por tratar-se de um g\u00e1s ideal, podemos utilizar a lei de Clapeyron:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Onde P, V, T e n s\u00e3o, respectivamente, press\u00e3o, volume, temperatura e n\u00famero de mols do g\u00e1s. R \u00e9 a constante universal dos gases. Do enunciado e da figura, temos que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>AB e CD s\u00e3o transforma\u00e7\u00f5es isot\u00e9rmicas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>DA e BC transforma\u00e7\u00f5es volum\u00e9tricas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nos pontos B e C os volumes s\u00e3o constantes<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, fazendo com que a equa\u00e7\u00e3o de Clapeyron se torne:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Aplicando a rela\u00e7\u00e3o T\/P nos pontos B e C:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Substituindo os valores do enunciado,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>transformando a temperatura da isot\u00e9rmica AB de Celsius para Kelvin<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0e sabendo que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a curva CD \u00e9 isot\u00e9rmica (mesma temperatura)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

b) A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>primeira lei da termodin\u00e2mica\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 dada por:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sendo Q a energia fornecida para o g\u00e1s, W o trabalho exercido pelo g\u00e1s e a energia interna armazenada pelo g\u00e1s<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Como a curva \u00e9 isot\u00e9rmica, deve ser nulo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, visto que:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

O trabalho W \u00e9 dado pela \u00e1rea abaixo da curva no diagrama PxV<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0dada no enunciado, logo, a energia interna \u00e9:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

R- D<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

23-<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

F\u00f3rmulas do rendimento de uma m\u00e1quina t\u00e9rmica de Carnot<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Quantidade de calor recebido pela fonte fria\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(condensador)\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Q1\u00a0= 1,2.109\u00a0J.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Quantidade de calor fornecido pela fonte quente\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(caldeira)\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Q = 1,6.109\u00a0J.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

24-<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

25-<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(V)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>Veja\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>informa\u00e7\u00e3o abaixo:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o isoc\u00f3rica, isom\u00e9trica ou isovolum\u00e9trica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Ocorre a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>volume constante\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Vo\u00a0= V\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u0394V = 0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>W = P.\u0394V\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 W = P.0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>W = 0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0394U = Q \u2013 W\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u0394U = Q \u2013 0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0394U = Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(F)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>energia interna (\u2206U)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>do g\u00e1s \u00e9 igual ao\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>trabalho (W) realizado, com sinal invertido.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Veja\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>informa\u00e7\u00e3o abaixo:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o adiab\u00e1tica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Nela, o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sistema n\u00e3o troca calor com o meio externo (Q = 0) e isso ocorre porque o g\u00e1s est\u00e1 termicamente isolado ou porque a transforma\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 muito r\u00e1pida de modo que qualquer troca de calor com possa ser considerada.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span>Se Q = 0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0394U = Q \u2013 W\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u0394U = 0 \u2013 W\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0394U =<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u2013 W.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(F)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>H\u00e1 trocas de calor,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>que \u00e9 distribu\u00eddo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>conforme as<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>informa\u00e7\u00f5es abaixo:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o isob\u00e1rica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ocorre\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e0 press\u00e3o constante.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>varia\u00e7\u00e3o de temperatura (\u0394T)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>provoca uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>varia\u00e7\u00e3o de energia interna (\u0394U)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>do<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0sistema\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>varia\u00e7\u00e3o de volume (\u0394V) produz trabalho.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Parte<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0do calor (Q) recebido pelo sistema\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>armazenada sob forma de energia interna\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e parte<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00e9 transformada em trabalho, de modo que \u0394U = Q \u2013 W.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(F)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Isot\u00e9rmica\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ocorre \u00e0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>temperatura constante.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Veja\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>informa\u00e7\u00e3o abaixo:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o isot\u00e9rmica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Como a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>temperatura (T) e a energia interna (U) de um sistema\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>est\u00e3o associadas \u00e0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>energia cin\u00e9tica das mol\u00e9culas,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>se a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>temperatura for constante (transforma\u00e7\u00e3o isot\u00e9rmica),<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a energia interna (U) do sistema tamb\u00e9m ser\u00e1 constante.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Assim, a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>varia\u00e7\u00e3o de energia interna (\u0394U) do sistema ser\u00e1 nula.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o isot\u00e9rmica\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u0394U = 0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0 \u0394U = Q \u2013 W\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 0 = Q \u2013 W\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Q = W.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Q = W<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0Portanto, numa\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>transforma\u00e7\u00e3o isot\u00e9rmica\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(temperatura constante)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>todo calor Q recebido pelo sistema \u00e9 totalmente transformado em trabalho.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

R- E<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

26-<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

27- <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Resolu\u00e7\u00e3o Comentada \u2013 Termodin\u00e2mica \u2013 2018-2019 01- Equa\u00e7\u00e3o geral dos gases perfeitos 02- (F)\u00a0Pelo gr\u00e1fico o\u00a0material Y se contrai\u00a0(volume diminui) quando a temperatura aumenta\u00a0at\u00e9 5\u00a0oC, e somente a\u00a0partir dessa temperatura passa a dilatar-se (volume aumentando). (V)\u00a0Veja no\u00a0gr\u00e1fico\u00a0que em\u00a0T = 5\u00a0oC o volume de Y (VY) \u00e9 menor que o de X (VX). R- A 03- 04- Transforma\u00e7\u00e3o isoc\u00f3rica, isom\u00e9trica ou<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":4931,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4933","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4933","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4933"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4933\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4934,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4933\/revisions\/4934"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4931"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4933"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}