{"id":4919,"date":"2020-01-13T02:34:46","date_gmt":"2020-01-13T02:34:46","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/?page_id=4919"},"modified":"2024-06-29T23:57:52","modified_gmt":"2024-06-29T23:57:52","slug":"vestibulares-recentes-optica-2018-2019","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/vestibulares-recentes\/optica\/vestibulares-recentes-optica-2018-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"Vestibulares Recentes \u2013 \u00d3ptica \u2013 2018\/2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vestibulares Recentes \u2013 \u00d3ptica \u2013 2018\/2019<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Propaga\u00e7\u00e3o da luz – Reflex\u00e3o da luz \u2013 Espelhos planos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

01-(PUC-SP-019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>c\u00e2mara escura de orif\u00edcio consiste em uma caixa fechada, de paredes opacas\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>possui um orif\u00edcio em uma de suas faces.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Na\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>face oposta \u00e0 do orif\u00edcio, fixamos um vidro fosco, onde se formam as imagens dos objetos iluminados, localizados no exterior da caixa\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>posicionados defronte \u00e0 face com o orif\u00edcio.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>placa na qual est\u00e1 impressa a letra G \u00e9 iluminada e disposta em frente a uma c\u00e2mara escura de orif\u00edcio<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>. A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>imagem que se forma na face oposta ter\u00e1 a apar\u00eancia:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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02- (ACAFE \u2013\u00a0Associa\u00e7\u00e3o Catarinense das Funda\u00e7\u00f5es Educacionais \u2013Medicina \u2013 2019.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Em tempos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>de crise econ\u00f4mica, uma pessoa deseja empreender montando uma pequena loja de roupas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Um dos itens essenciais \u00e9 colocar um espelho em uma parede vertical,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>de modo que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>qualquer cliente de m\u00e9dia altura (h) possa se ver inteiro nesse espelho a certa dist\u00e2ncia horizontal.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Mas\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>para economizar, o espelho dever\u00e1 ter a menor altura poss\u00edvel.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>alternativa correta que indica a altura desse espelho<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00e9:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0h\/3
\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>B\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>h\/d
\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>C<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a02h\/3
\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>D<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0h\/2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

03- (FPS-Faculdade Pernambucana de Sa\u00fade-PE-2019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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04- (PUC-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Espelhos esf\u00e9ricos e Lentes esf\u00e9ricas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

05-(Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo \u2013 SP \u2013 019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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06- (AFA-018\/019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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07- (EsPCEx- AMAN \u2013 SP- RJ \u2013 2018\/19)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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08- (ITA \u2013 SP \u2013 019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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A imagem de um objeto formada por um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>espelho c\u00f4ncavo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0mede\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>metade do tamanho do objeto<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Se este \u00e9 deslocado de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>uma dist\u00e2ncia de 15 cm em dire\u00e7\u00e3o ao espelho<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, o tamanho da\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>imagem ter\u00e1 o dobro do tamanho do objeto.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Estime\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a dist\u00e2ncia focal do espelho<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0e assinale a alternativa correspondente.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A ( ) 40 cm<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B ( ) 30 cm<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C ( ) 20 cm<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D ( ) 10 cm<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

E ( ) 5,0 cm<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

09- (MEDICINA -UNIVERSIDADE MUNICIPAL DE S\u00c3O CAETANO DO SUL \u2013\u2013 USCS-SP \u2013 019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Analise o an\u00fancio eletr\u00f4nico de uma lupa de bancada.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Esse an\u00fancio mostra que, no dia a dia, as palavras podem apresentar significado diferente daquele que elas possuem no contexto cient\u00edfico.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>A palavra\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u201cdioptria\u201d, por exemplo, n\u00e3o significa, no Sistema Internacional de Unidades (SI), aumento proporcionado por lentes.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Considerando a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>defini\u00e7\u00e3o de dioptria no SI, a informa\u00e7\u00e3o apresentada no an\u00fancio faz crer que a lente tem<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>di\u00e2metro igual a 12,5 cm.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dist\u00e2ncia focal igual a 8,0 cm.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(C)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>di\u00e2metro igual a 16 cm.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(D)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>di\u00e2metro igual a 8,0 cm.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(E)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dist\u00e2ncia focal igual a 12,5 cm.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

10- (Faculdade de Medicina do ABC \u2013 FMABC \u2013 SP \u2013 019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dist\u00e2ncia entre um objeto luminoso e uma parede \u00e9 de 90 cm.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>lente delgada convergente\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>adequadamente posicionada entre o objeto e a parede de modo a projetar nesta uma imagem<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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invertida e com o dobro do tamanho do objeto.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dist\u00e2ncia focal da lente<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>40 cm.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>b)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>50 cm.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>c)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>20 cm.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>d)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>10 cm.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>30 cm.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

11- (UEMG-MG-019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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12- Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia\u00a0\u2013\u00a0UFU\u00a0\u2013 MG \u2013 meio do ano \u2013 2019\/2020<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Uma pessoa vai at\u00e9 um museu de ci\u00eancias e numa sala de efeitos luminosos se posiciona frente a diferentes tipos de espelhos (c\u00f4ncavo, convexo e plano)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Qual situa\u00e7\u00e3o a seguir representa a correta imagem (i) que \u00e9 poss\u00edvel essa pessoa obter de si pr\u00f3pria?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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13- (UEMA-MA-019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Com\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>grande aplica\u00e7\u00e3o no dia a dia,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>espelho esf\u00e9rico \u00e9 uma calota esf\u00e9rica\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>possui uma de suas partes polida e com alto poder de reflex\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Esse espelho pode ser classificado de acordo com a superf\u00edcie refletora.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Se\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>essa for interna, o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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espelho \u00e9 c\u00f4ncavo;\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e se a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>superf\u00edcie refletora \u00e9 a externa, o espelho \u00e9 convexo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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14- (UniCEUB \u2013 Medicina \u2013 DF \u2013 019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Quando um objeto \u00e9 colocado diante de uma lente convergente<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dist\u00e2ncia focal 20 cm<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sua imagem \u00e9 projetada em um anteparo que se encontra a 30 cm da lente.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>essa situa\u00e7\u00e3o, o aumento transversal linear\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2013 2,0.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2013 0,5.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(C)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>0,5.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(D)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>1,0.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(E)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2,0.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

15- (Universidade Estadual do Rio Grande do Sul \u2013 UERGS \u2013 019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Um aluno recebeu uma lente convergente<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0com\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dist\u00e2ncia focal de 12 cm\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>colocou-a a 6 cm de um objeto.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Se<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>lente estiver entre o observador e o objeto<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0(caso da lupa), a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>imagem observada ser\u00e1<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>virtual, direita e menor.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>virtual, direita e maior.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>virtual, invertida e menor.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>real, invertida e menor.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

E)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>real, direita e maior.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

16- (FUVEST-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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C\u00e2meras digitais,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>como a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>esquematizada<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0na\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>figura<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, possuem\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mecanismos autom\u00e1ticos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>focaliza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Em uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>c\u00e2mera digital\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>que utilize uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>lente convergente com 20 mm de dist\u00e2ncia focal,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dist\u00e2ncia,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mm, entre a lente e o sensor da c\u00e2mera<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, quando um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>objeto a 2 m estiver corretamente focalizado,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00e9, aproximadamente,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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17- (Faculdade de Medicina do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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18- (UNIFESP-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Em um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>parque de divers\u00f5es\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>existem\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dois grandes espelhos dispostos verticalmente, um de frente para o outro, a 10 m de dist\u00e2ncia um do outro.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>deles \u00e9 plano,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o outro \u00e9\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>esf\u00e9rico convexo.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>crian\u00e7a se posiciona, em repouso,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>4 m do espelho esf\u00e9rico\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>v\u00ea as duas primeiras imagens que esses espelhos formam dela: IP,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0formada pelo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>espelho plano,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>IC,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0formada pelo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>espelho esf\u00e9rico,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>conforme\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>representado\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>na figura.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Calcule:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dist\u00e2ncia, em metros,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>entre\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>IP\u00a0e IC.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b) a que dist\u00e2ncia do espelho esf\u00e9rico,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>metros,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>crian\u00e7a deveria se posicionar\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>para que sua\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>imagem IC\u00a0tivesse um ter\u00e7o de sua altura.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

19- (FMABC-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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20- (PUC-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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21- Faculdade de Tecnologia Termomec\u00e2nica \u2013 SP- 018)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>figura representa um objeto\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e sua\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>respectiva imagem,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>conjugada por um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>espelho esf\u00e9rico,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>quando o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>objeto \u00e9 colocado perpendicularmente e em repouso sobre o eixo principal do espelho.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Sabendo que o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>objeto \u00e9 quatro vezes maior do que sua imagem\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>que ele est\u00e1 a 20 cm do espelho,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dist\u00e2ncia focal desse espelho\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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22- (COL\u00c9GIO NAVAL \u2013 2017\/18)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Com\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 \u00f3ptica geom\u00e9trica, analise<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0as\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>afirmativas abaixo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>energia solar \u00e9 a convers\u00e3o de luz solar em eletricidade,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>quer\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>diretamente, utilizando energia fotovoltaica (PV),\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ou\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>indiretamente, utilizando energia solar concentrada (CSP).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Sistemas CSP usam lentes ou espelhos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>focar uma grande \u00e1rea de luz solar\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>em uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>pequena viga,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0enquanto a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>PV converte a luz em corrente el\u00e9trica\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>usando o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>efeito fotoel\u00e9trico.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sendo assim,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>pode-se afirmar que, no sistema CSP:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

l-\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>as\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>lentes s\u00e3o c\u00f4ncavas\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e possuem\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>comportamento \u00f3ptico divergente<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

lI-\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>as\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>lentes s\u00e3o convexas\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e possuem\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>comportamento \u00f3ptico convergente.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

III-\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>os\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>espelhos s\u00e3o c\u00f4ncavos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e podem\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>produzir imagem virtual.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

IV-\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>os\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>espelhos s\u00e3o convexos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e podem\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>produzir imagem virtual.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V-\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>pequena viga encontra-se no ponto focal dos espelhos e das lentes.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Assinale a op\u00e7\u00e3o correta.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Somente as alternativas\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>I e III s\u00e3o verdadeiras.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Somente as alternativas\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>II e IV s\u00e3o verdadeiras.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

c)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Somente as alternativas\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>II, III e V s\u00e3o verdadeiras<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

d)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Somente as alternativas\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>I, IV e V s\u00e3o verdadeiras.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

e)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Somente as alternativas\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>III, IV e V s\u00e3o verdadeiras.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

23- (UERJ-RJ\/018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>fun\u00e7\u00e3o de suas caracter\u00edsticas,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>lente convergente,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ao ser\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>exposta \u00e0 luz do Sol, gera<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>concentra\u00e7\u00e3o de luz a 60 cm do seu centro \u00f3ptico<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, como\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ilustra a imagem<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Considere que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>um objeto \u00e9 colocado a 180 cm do centro \u00f3ptico dessa lente\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>para que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sua imagem\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>seja\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>projetada com nitidez sobre uma tela.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Calcule\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dist\u00e2ncia, em cent\u00edmetros,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>em que a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>tela deve ser colocada,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>partir do centro \u00f3ptico\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>da lente, para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>obten\u00e7\u00e3o dessa imagem.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Refra\u00e7\u00e3o da luz \u2013 Reflex\u00e3o total<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

24- FAMERP 2019 \u2013 Conhecimentos Gerais<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Dois raios de luz monocrom\u00e1ticos incidem perpendicularmente em uma das faces de uma l\u00e2mina de vidro de faces paralelas, imersa no ar, como mostra a figura.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Assinale a alternativa que representa esses mesmos raios de luz, ao emergirem na face oposta \u00e0 de incid\u00eancia.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

25- FAMERP \u2013 Conhecimentos espec\u00edficos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

A figura mostra uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>l\u00e2mpada retil\u00ednea<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>comprimento 90 cm<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, fixa horizontalmente no teto de uma sala,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>200 cm acima da superf\u00edcie plana e horizontal de uma mesa<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>disco circular opaco\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>foi colocado horizontalmente entre a l\u00e2mpada e a mesa, a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>180 cm da l\u00e2mpada<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, sendo esta a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>maior dist\u00e2ncia para que ele n\u00e3o projete sombra sobre a mesa<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>. A reta r, mostrada na figura, \u00e9 vertical e passa pelo ponto m\u00e9dio da l\u00e2mpada e pelo centro do disco.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

a) Calcule o di\u00e2metro do disco, em cent\u00edmetros.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b) Considere que o disco seja\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>substitu\u00eddo por uma lente delgada<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>esf\u00e9rica e convergente<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, cujo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>eixo principal coincida com a reta r<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Sabendo que essa\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>lente<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0foi colocada em uma posi\u00e7\u00e3o em que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>projeta<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, sobre a superf\u00edcie da mesa, uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>imagem n\u00edtida da l\u00e2mpada quatro vezes menor que ela<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, calcule a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dist\u00e2ncia focal da lente<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, em cent\u00edmetros.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

26- (Instituto Militar de Engenharia\u00a0\u2013\u00a0IME \u2013\u00a018\/19<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

A figura acima mostra\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>tr\u00eas meios transparentes, de \u00edndices de refra\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a01,\u00a02 e\u00a03,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e o percurso de um raio luminoso. Observando a figura,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 poss\u00edvel concluir que:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A)\u00a0n2\u00a0<\u00a0n3\u00a0<\u00a0n1<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(B)\u00a0n1\u00a0<\u00a0n2\u00a0<\u00a0n3<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(C)\u00a0n3\u00a0<\u00a0n1\u00a0<\u00a0n2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(D)\u00a0n1\u00a0<\u00a0n3\u00a0<\u00a0n2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(E)\u00a0n2\u00a0<\u00a0n1\u00a0<\u00a0n3<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

27- (Faculdade de Tecnologia do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo\u00a0\u2013 FATEC \u2013 019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>professor do curso de Materiais da Fatec\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>apresentou\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>aos alunos a seguinte cita\u00e7\u00e3o:\u00a0\u201cAs fibras \u00f3pticas podem ser usadas para guiar a luz ao longo de um determinado caminho. A ideia \u00e9 fazer um raio de luz percorrer uma fibra transparente, ricocheteando entre as suas paredes. Desde que o \u00e2ngulo de incid\u00eancia do raio na parede da fibra seja sempre maior que o \u00e2ngulo cr\u00edtico, o raio permanecer\u00e1 sempre dentro dela mesmo que ela esteja curva\u201d.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Em seguida,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>pediu para que os alunos respondessem, de maneira assertiva, \u00e0 qual conceito f\u00edsico a cita\u00e7\u00e3o se refere.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>resposta correta esperada pelo professor\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>difra\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>polariza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(C)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e2ngulo limite.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(D)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>espalhamento.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(E)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dispers\u00e3o luminosa<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

28- (FGV-RJ-019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

29- Instituto Federal de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Norte de Minas Gerais\u00a0(IFNMG)- 2019<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>modelo te\u00f3rico para se estudar o fen\u00f4meno de refra\u00e7\u00e3o,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>proposto por\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Huygens, no final do s\u00e9culo XVII, est\u00e1 esquematizado na figura abaixo:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Quanto \u00e0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>proposi\u00e7\u00e3o de Huygens, \u00e9 correto afirmar que:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>para um dado par de meios, esse modelo prev\u00ea que a raz\u00e3o entre os senos dos \u00e2ngulos de incid\u00eancia e de refra\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 constante.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>tal modelo fundamenta-se na concep\u00e7\u00e3o corpuscular para a natureza da luz, ou seja, na hip\u00f3tese de que a luz \u00e9 formada de part\u00edculas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o comprimento de onda da luz, nos fen\u00f4menos refrativos, \u00e9 diretamente proporcional ao \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o do meio em que ela se propaga.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>esse modelo somente se aplica \u00e0 refra\u00e7\u00e3o de vibra\u00e7\u00f5es longitudinais, em meios materiais e para pequenos comprimentos de onda.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

30-(UERR-RR-019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>raio de luz incide, desde o ar, na superf\u00edcie de um l\u00edquido, penetrando neste e se desvia de sua<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

dire\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Este\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>fen\u00f4meno descrito corresponde a um fen\u00f4meno luminoso\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>de:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>refra\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>reflex\u00e3o.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>C)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>polariza\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>D)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>interfer\u00eancia.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>E)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>difra\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

31- (Instituto Federal de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia<\/a>\u00a0de\u00a0Roraima<\/a>\u00a0\u2013 RR \u2013 019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>raio luminoso passa do meio 1 para o meio 2, como indica a figura abaixo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Sendo o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o absoluto do meio 2 igual a 1,8, calcule o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o absoluto do meio 1. Dados: sen 53\u00ba\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>= 0,8 e\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sen 30\u00ba\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>= 0,5.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2,1\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>1,1\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(C)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2,4\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>D)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>1,7\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(E)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2,3<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

32- (FPS-Faculdade Pernambucana de Sa\u00fade-PE-2019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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33- Universidade Estadual de Ci\u00eancias da Sa\u00fade de Alagoas (UNCISAL)\u00a0\u2013 2019<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dias ensolarados e secos,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>comum a ocorr\u00eancia do chamado efeito miragem nas estradas,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>consiste na percep\u00e7\u00e3o de aparentes po\u00e7as d\u2019\u00e1gua no asfalto, conforme ilustrado na imagem abaixo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Esse\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>efeito \u00f3ptico \u00e9 causado pela curvatura sofrida pela luz ao atravessar camadas de ar de diferentes temperaturas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Quanto\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mais pr\u00f3ximo do asfalto, mais quente \u00e9 o ar, e isso afeta o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o de cada camada.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>explicar o efeito miragem, pode-se considerar que o ar perto do asfalto \u00e9 dividido em camadas, cada qual com um \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o pr\u00f3prio<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, como\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>apresenta a figura I abaixo, em que n1, n2\u00a0e n3\u00a0representam os \u00edndices de refra\u00e7\u00e3o das camadas 1, 2 e 3 mais pr\u00f3ximas do asfalto<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>figura II mostra, de forma ampliada, a interface entre a camada 2 e a camada 1, onde o raio de luz sofre reflex\u00e3o interna total, e os \u00e2ngulos de incid\u00eancia e de reflex\u00e3o do feixe de luz nessa interface.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Na\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>situa\u00e7\u00e3o representada pela figura I,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>quando a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>luz se aproxima do asfalto,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sua velocidade aumenta, sua frequ\u00eancia se mant\u00e9m constante e seu comprimento de onda diminui.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sua velocidade se mant\u00e9m constante, sua frequ\u00eancia aumenta e seu comprimento de onda aumenta.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0sua velocidade se mant\u00e9m constante, sua frequ\u00eancia diminui e seu comprimento de onda aumenta.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sua velocidade aumenta, sua frequ\u00eancia diminui e seu comprimento de onda se mant\u00e9m constante.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

E)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0sua velocidade diminui, sua frequ\u00eancia aumenta e seu comprimento de onda se mant\u00e9m constante.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

34- Instituto Federal de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia de Mato Grosso\u00a0(IFMT)- 2019.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>figura abaixo ilustra um feixe de luz monocrom\u00e1tico, proveniente de uma regi\u00e3o de v\u00e1cuo (Meio A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>com\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>velocidade c\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2245<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a03,0 x 108\u00a0m.s\u00a0-1\u00a0, incidindo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0contra a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>superf\u00edcie de um l\u00edquido homog\u00eaneo e isotr\u00f3pico (Meio B).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Sendo os\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e2ngulos \u03b81\u00a0= 53\u00b0 e \u03b82\u00a0= 37\u00b0, pode-se afirmar que a velocidade da luz no Meio B<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0vale:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

(A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>1,5 x 108\u00a0m\/s<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>1,75 x 108\u00a0m\/s<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(C)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2,0 x 108\u00a0m\/s<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(D)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2,25 x 108\u00a0m\/s<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(E)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2,5 x 108\u00a0m\/s<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

35- (UNICAMP-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>lente de Fresnel<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00e9\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>composta<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0por um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>conjunto de an\u00e9is conc\u00eantricos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>com\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>uma das faces plana\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>outra inclinada como mostra a figura (a).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Essas lentes,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>geralmente\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mais finas que as convencionais,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>s\u00e3o usadas\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>principalmente<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>concentrar um feixe luminoso em determinado ponto,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0ou para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>colimar a luz de uma fonte luminosa,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>produzindo um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>feixe paralelo,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>como ilustra a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>figura (b).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Exemplos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0desta\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00faltima aplica\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>s\u00e3o os\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>far\u00f3is de autom\u00f3veis e os far\u00f3is costeiros.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>diagrama da figura (c)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mostra\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>um raio luminoso que passa por um dos an\u00e9is de uma lente de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Fresnel de acr\u00edlico\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sai paralelamente ao seu eixo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Se\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sen(\u03b81) = 0,5<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sen(\u03b82) = 0,75 e o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o do ar nar\u00a0= 1,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>valor do \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o do acr\u00edlico\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

36- (Faculdade de Ci\u00eancias M\u00e9dicas da Santa Casa de S\u00e3o Paulo \u2013 018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

37- (Faculdade de Medicina de Jundia\u00ed \u201cFMJ\u201d \u2013SP \u2013 018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

38- (UEL-PR-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

e)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>O\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>copo funciona\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>como\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>uma lente convergente e,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>neste caso, para o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ovo (objeto real), a lente proporciona ao observador a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de uma imagem virtual, invertida e ampliada.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

39- (Faculdade Pernambucana de Sa\u00fade \u2013 FPS \u2013 PE \u2013 018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Dispers\u00e3o da luz<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

40- Instituto Federal de Educa\u00e7\u00e3o, Ci\u00eancia e Tecnologia do Paran\u00e1\u00a0(IFPR) \u2013 2019<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Lan\u00e7ado em 1973 pela banda de rock Pink Floyd,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0o \u00e1lbum\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>fonogr\u00e1fico \u201cThe Dark Side of the Moon\u201d \u00e9 um \u00edcone no mundo da m\u00fasica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0por sua\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mundialmente famosa capa do disco de vinil.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ilustra\u00e7\u00e3o abaixo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>apresenta uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>arte que envolve um erro conceitual de F\u00edsica.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Desconsiderando erros conceituais no t\u00edtulo do \u00e1lbum\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>na figura,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o fen\u00f4meno f\u00edsico representado\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 a:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Dispers\u00e3o da Luz.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Difra\u00e7\u00e3o da Luz.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Polariza\u00e7\u00e3o da Luz.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Interfer\u00eancia da Luz.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

41-(UNESP-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>fatores\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>contribu\u00edram para a aceita\u00e7\u00e3o do modelo at\u00f4mico\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>proposto por\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Niels Bohr\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>em 1913 foi a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>explica\u00e7\u00e3o dos espectros da luz emitida por \u00e1tomos de gases aquecidos,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0que podem ser\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>observados por meio de um aparelho chamado\u00a0espectrosc\u00f3pio,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>cujo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>esquema est\u00e1 representado\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>na figura.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Nesse equipamento, a luz emitida por um g\u00e1s atravessa\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>fenda em um anteparo opaco,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>forma um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>estreito feixe que incide em um elemento \u00f3ptico,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>no qual\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sofre dispers\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Essa\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>luz dispersada incide em um detector,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>onde\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 realizado o registro do espectro.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>elemento \u00f3ptico desse espectrosc\u00f3pio\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>pode ser<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>um espelho convexo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>um prisma.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(C)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>uma lente divergente.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(D)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>uma lente convergente.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(E)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>um espelho plano.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

42- (ENEM-MEC-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Instrumentos \u00d3pticos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

43- (UFT-TO \u2013 019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Parte inferior do formul\u00e1rio<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>bin\u00f3culo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>telesc\u00f3pio refletor.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(C)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>microsc\u00f3pio simples.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(D)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>microsc\u00f3pio composto<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00d3ptica Fisiol\u00f3gica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

44- (ENEM-MEC-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>retina \u00e9 um tecido sens\u00edvel \u00e0 luz, localizado na parte posterior do olho,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0onde\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ocorre o processo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>forma\u00e7\u00e3o de imagem.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nesse\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>tecido, encontram-se v\u00e1rios tipos celulares espec\u00edficos.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Um desses\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>tipos celulares s\u00e3o cones<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, os\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>quais convertem os diferentes comprimentos de onda da luz<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

vis\u00edvel em sinais el\u00e9tricos, que s\u00e3o transmitidos pelo nervo \u00f3ptico at\u00e9 o c\u00e9rebro.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>rela\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e0 vis\u00e3o,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>degenera\u00e7\u00e3o desse tipo celular\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ir\u00e1<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(a)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>comprometer a capacidade de vis\u00e3o em cores.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(b)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>impedir a proje\u00e7\u00e3o dos raios luminosos na retina<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(c)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>provocar a forma\u00e7\u00e3o de imagens invertidas na retina.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(d)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>causar dificuldade de visualiza\u00e7\u00e3o de objetos pr\u00f3ximos.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(e)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>acarretar a perda da capacidade de alterar o di\u00e2metro da pupila.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

45- (AFA-017\/018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

COMO A HIPERMETROPIA ACONTECE NA INF\u00c2NCIA<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9 muito comum beb\u00eas e crian\u00e7as apresentarem algum tipo de erro refrativo, e a hipermetropia \u00e9 o caso mais constante. Isso porque este tipo de ametropia (erro de refra\u00e7\u00e3o) pode se manifestar desde a fase de rec\u00e9m \u2013 nascido. A hipermetropia \u00e9 um erro de refra\u00e7\u00e3o caracterizado pelo modo em que o olho, menor do que o normal, foca a imagem atr\u00e1s da retina. Consequentemente, isso faz com que a vis\u00e3o de longe seja melhor do que a de perto. (\u2026)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

De acordo com a Dra. Liana, existem alguns fatores que podem influenciar a incid\u00eancia de hipermetropia em crian\u00e7as, como o ambiente, a etnia e, principalmente, a gen\u00e9tica. \u201cAs formas leves e moderadas, com at\u00e9 seis dioptrias, s\u00e3o passadas de gera\u00e7\u00e3o para gera\u00e7\u00e3o (autoss\u00f4mica dominante). J\u00e1 a hipermetropia elevada \u00e9 herdada dos pais (autoss\u00f4mica recessiva)\u201d, explicou a especialista.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A m\u00e9dica ainda relatou a import\u00e2ncia em identificar, prematuramente, o comportamento hiperm\u00e9trope da crian\u00e7a, caso contr\u00e1rio, esse problema pode afetar a rotina visual e funcional delas. \u201cA falta de corre\u00e7\u00e3o da hipermetropia pode dificultar o processo de aprendizado, e ainda pode reduzir, ou limitar, o desenvolvimento nas atividades da crian\u00e7a. Em alguns casos, pode ser respons\u00e1vel por repet\u00eancia, evas\u00e3o escolar e dificuldade na socializa\u00e7\u00e3o, requerendo a\u00e7\u00f5es de identifica\u00e7\u00e3o e tratamento\u201d, concluiu a Ora. Liana.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Os sintomas relacionados \u00e0 hipermetropia, al\u00e9m da dificuldade de enxergar de perto, variam entre: dores de cabe\u00e7a, fadiga ocular e dificuldade de concentra\u00e7\u00e3o em leitura.(\u2026)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O tratamento utilizado para corrigir este tipo de anomalia \u00e9 realizado atrav\u00e9s da cirurgia refrativa. O uso de \u00f3culos (com lentes esf\u00e9ricas) ou lentes de contato corretivas \u00e9 considerado m\u00e9todo convencional, que pode solucionar o problema visual do hiperm\u00e9trope.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(Dispon\u00edvel em:www.cbo.net.br\/novo\/publicacao\/revisla_vejabem. Acesso em:18\/ev. 2017.)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

De acordo com o texto acima,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a hipermetropia pode ser corrigida com o uso de lentes esf\u00e9ricas.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Dessa maneira,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0uma lente corretiva, delgada e gaussiana,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>verg\u00eancia igual a +2 di,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>conforme figura a seguir<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, \u00e9 utilizada para projetar,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>num anteparo colocado a uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dist\u00e2ncia p\u2019 da lente,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a imagem de um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>corpo luminoso que oscila em movimento harm\u00f4nico simples (MHS).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>equa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0que descreve o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>movimento oscilat\u00f3rio\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>desse corpo \u00e9:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

y = (0,1).sen.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Considere que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>equa\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>descreve a oscila\u00e7\u00e3o projetada no anteparo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 dada por<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

y\u2019 = (0,5).sen(SI).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nessas condi\u00e7\u00f5es,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dist\u00e2ncia p\u2032\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, em cm, \u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

46-\u00a0(UFJF-MG-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Dois problemas de vis\u00e3o comuns s\u00e3o a miopia e a hipermetropia. A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>miopia<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00e9 um problema de vis\u00e3o que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ocorre quando a imagem de um objeto se forma antes da retina. A hipermetropia<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, por sua vez, \u00e9 um problema de vis\u00e3o que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ocorre quando os raios de luz interceptam a retina antes de a imagem ser formada\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u2013 nesse caso a imagem formar-se-ia depois da retina. Maria e Fernanda foram ao oftalmologista.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Maria descobriu que possui miopia. Fernanda descobriu que possui hipermetropia.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0A partir da informa\u00e7\u00e3o obtida do enunciado,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>marque a alternativa correta.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\u00d3ptica\"<\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Maria deve usar lentes divergentes para corrigir a miopia.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Maria deve usar lentes convergentes para corrigir a miopia.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  3. Fernanda deve usar lentes divergentes para corrigir a hipermetropia.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Ambas devem usar lentes convergentes para corrigir os seus problemas de vis\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  5. Ambas devem usar lentes divergentes para corrigir os seus problemas de vis\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

    Confira a resolu\u00e7\u00e3o comentada<\/b><\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Clique aqui para ver sobre o tema!<\/a><\/p>\n

    Confira as v\u00eddeo aulas!<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Vestibulares Recentes \u2013 \u00d3ptica \u2013 2018\/2019 Propaga\u00e7\u00e3o da luz – Reflex\u00e3o da luz \u2013 Espelhos planos 01-(PUC-SP-019) Uma\u00a0c\u00e2mara escura de orif\u00edcio consiste em uma caixa fechada, de paredes opacas\u00a0e que\u00a0possui um orif\u00edcio em uma de suas faces.\u00a0Na\u00a0face oposta \u00e0 do orif\u00edcio, fixamos um vidro fosco, onde se formam as imagens dos objetos iluminados, localizados no exterior da caixa\u00a0e\u00a0posicionados defronte \u00e0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3429,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4919","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4919","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4919"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4919\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9894,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4919\/revisions\/9894"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3429"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4919"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}