{"id":4833,"date":"2020-01-09T13:05:57","date_gmt":"2020-01-09T13:05:57","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/?page_id=4833"},"modified":"2024-07-02T13:38:06","modified_gmt":"2024-07-02T13:38:06","slug":"fisica-moderna-2018-2019","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/vestibulares-recentes\/fisica-moderna\/fisica-moderna-2018-2019\/","title":{"rendered":"F\u00cdSICA MODERNA \u2013 2018 – 2019"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vestibulares Recentes \u2013 F\u00edsica Moderna \u2013 2018\/2019<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

01- (Faculdade de Medicina do ABC \u2013 FMABC \u2013 SP \u2013 019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Em 1990,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Max Planck prop\u00f4s que a radia\u00e7\u00e3o emitida por uma fonte n\u00e3o \u00e9 cont\u00ednua,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mas sim\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>composta de por\u00e7\u00f5es descont\u00ednuas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>linguagem atual, dizemos que a radia\u00e7\u00e3o emitida por uma fonte \u00e9 composta por f\u00f3tons, cuja energia \u00e9 dada pela rela\u00e7\u00e3o Ef\u00a0= h.f, proposta por Planck,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sendo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Ef\u00a0a energia de cada f\u00f3ton emitido, h uma constante de valor 6,63.10\u221234\u00a0J . s e f a frequ\u00eancia da radia\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Supondo que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>uma l\u00e2mpada emita radia\u00e7\u00e3o com pot\u00eancia de 8,0 W e frequ\u00eancia 6,0.1014\u00a0Hz, o n\u00famero<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

de f\u00f3tons que ela emite a cada segundo \u00e9 um valor pr\u00f3ximo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>4,0.1019.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>8,0.1019.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

c)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2,0.1014.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

d)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>4,0.1014.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

e)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2,0.1019.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

02- (UDESC-SC-019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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Em 1900\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>Max Planck prop\u00f4s a quantiza\u00e7\u00e3o da energia\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>para explicar a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>radia\u00e7\u00e3o de corpo negro<\/b><\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

O\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>postulado de Planck prop\u00f5e que a energia seja dada por E = n.h.f\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>sendo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>E\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>energia,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>n<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>n\u00famero inteiro ,f<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>frequ\u00eancia<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0e\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>h<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>constante que, posteriormente, ficou conhecida como constante de Planck.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Assinale a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>alternativa que corresponde \u00e0 unidade de medida de no sistema internacional de unidades<\/b><\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>( ) Kg.m2\/s\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>B.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0( ) Kg.m\/s\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>C.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>( ) Kg.m2\/s2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>D.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>( ) Kg.m\/s\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>E.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>( ) Kg.m\/s2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

03- (Universidade Estadual do Centro-Oeste do Paran\u00e1 \u2013\u00a0UNICENTRO \u2013 019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>teoria da relatividade restrita, publicada no ano de 1905 pelo alem\u00e3o Albert Einstein,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>impactou\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>diversas \u00e1reas do conhecimento humano e mudou completamente a maneira que observamos e compreendemos o universo que nos cerca.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ela\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>tratava principalmente das diferen\u00e7as entre fen\u00f4menos f\u00edsicos observados de diferentes referenciais.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>teoria da relatividade restrita foi estruturada com base nos seguintes postulados:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>As leis da F\u00edsica s\u00e3o as mesmas para observadores em qualquer sistema de refer\u00eancia inerciais.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>II.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>As leis da F\u00edsica s\u00e3o as mesmas para observadores em qualquer sistema de refer\u00eancia n\u00e3o-inerciais.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

III.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>A velocidade da Luz no v\u00e1cuo tem o mesmo valor independente do movimento da fonte ou do sistema de refer\u00eancia do observador.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sobre os postulados descritos acima, identifique os que est\u00e3o corretos.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Somente o postulado III est\u00e1 correto.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Os postulados corretos s\u00e3o I e III.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

c)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Todos os postulados est\u00e3o corretos.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

d)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Os postulados corretos s\u00e3o II e III.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

e)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Os postulados corretos s\u00e3o I e II.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

04-(UEMG-MG-019)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

05- \u00a0Universidade Federal de Uberl\u00e2ndia\u00a0\u2013\u00a0UFU\u00a0\u2013 MG \u2013 meio do ano \u2013 2019\/2020<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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H\u00e1 processos que ocorrem na estrutura eletr\u00f4nica dos \u00e1tomos em que um el\u00e9tron pode ganhar ou perder energia.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Nesses processos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>el\u00e9tron passa de um n\u00edvel de energia para outro, e a diferen\u00e7a de energia desses dois n\u00edveis, em alguns desses processos, pode ser emitida como um f\u00f3ton de luz.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

O\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>f\u00f3ton possui energia que pode ser determinada por uma rela\u00e7\u00e3o direta com a frequ\u00eancia da luz por meio da equa\u00e7\u00e3o E = h . f, onde E \u00e9 a energia do f\u00f3ton, h \u00e9 a constante de Planck (h = 6,6 x 10-34\u00a0J.s) e f \u00e9 a frequ\u00eancia da luz emitida.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Nessas situa\u00e7\u00f5es,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>uma unidade de energia muito utilizada \u00e9 o el\u00e9tron-volt (eV), sendo que 1 eV = 1,6 x 10-19J.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Considere dois n\u00edveis de energia eletr\u00f4nicos com valores de E1\u00a0= -2,93eV e de E2\u00a0= -1,28 eV, e um el\u00e9tron que decai do n\u00edvel E2\u00a0para o n\u00edvel E1, emitindo um f\u00f3ton.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Qual \u00e9, aproximadamente, a frequ\u00eancia da luz associada a esse f\u00f3ton?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>4,00 x 1014\u00a0Hz<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2,42 x 1015\u00a0Hz<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

C)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>1,00 x 1015\u00a0Hz<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

D)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>6,64 x 1013\u00a0Hz<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

06- (FMABC-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\"F\u00edsica<\/p>\n

07- (UFJF-MG-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Joyce trabalha com\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>espectroscopia de fotoel\u00e9trons,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>que \u00e9 uma t\u00e9cnica de caracteriza\u00e7\u00e3o de materiais que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>consiste em bombardear um material com raios X de uma determinada energia e medir a energia cin\u00e9tica dos el\u00e9trons arrancados da superf\u00edcie do material.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Com isso, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel saber a composi\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica e o tipo de liga\u00e7\u00e3o entre os \u00e1tomos da amostra estudada. Joyce quer\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>estudar uma folha de grafeno,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0que \u00e9 um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>material composto somente de \u00e1tomos de carbono.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Para isso, ela\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>usa duas fontes de raios X, A e B, que possuem frequ\u00eancias de fA\u00a0e fB, respectivamente, com fA\u00a0> fB.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sobre esse experimento, s\u00e3o formuladas\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>tr\u00eas hip\u00f3teses:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I \u2013 Se\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>usarmos a fonte A,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0os\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>el\u00e9trons extra\u00eddos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>da folha de grafeno\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>chegam ao detector com uma energia cin\u00e9tica maior\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>do que a que seria medida se us\u00e1ssemos a fonte B.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

II \u2013 Os\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>el\u00e9trons extra\u00eddos do n\u00edvel S, que \u00e9 o n\u00edvel eletr\u00f4nico mais interno dos \u00e1tomos,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0chegar\u00e3o ao detector\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>com energia maior do que os el\u00e9trons da camada P,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0pois aqueles\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>est\u00e3o mais fracamente ligados ao n\u00facleo,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0demandando\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>menos energia para arranc\u00e1-los.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

III \u2013 A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>energia de liga\u00e7\u00e3o dos el\u00e9trons nos \u00e1tomos de carbono \u00e9 quantizada.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Assinale a afirmativa CORRETAa respeito das hip\u00f3teses formuladas:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Somente I e II est\u00e3o corretas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Somente I e III est\u00e3o corretas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  2. Somente I est\u00e1 correta.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  3. I, II e III est\u00e3o corretas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n
  4. Somente II est\u00e1 correta.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Confira a resolu\u00e7\u00e3o comentada<\/a><\/span><\/h2>\n

     <\/p>\n

    Clique aqui para ver sobre o tema!<\/a><\/p>\n

    Confira as v\u00eddeo aulas!<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Vestibulares Recentes \u2013 F\u00edsica Moderna \u2013 2018\/2019 01- (Faculdade de Medicina do ABC \u2013 FMABC \u2013 SP \u2013 019) Em 1990,\u00a0Max Planck prop\u00f4s que a radia\u00e7\u00e3o emitida por uma fonte n\u00e3o \u00e9 cont\u00ednua,\u00a0mas sim\u00a0composta de por\u00e7\u00f5es descont\u00ednuas. Em\u00a0linguagem atual, dizemos que a radia\u00e7\u00e3o emitida por uma fonte \u00e9 composta por f\u00f3tons, cuja energia \u00e9 dada pela rela\u00e7\u00e3o Ef\u00a0= h.f, proposta<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3386,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4833","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4833","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4833"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4833\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9936,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4833\/revisions\/9936"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3386"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4833"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}