{"id":4193,"date":"2018-09-06T17:59:16","date_gmt":"2018-09-06T17:59:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/?page_id=4193"},"modified":"2024-08-22T13:39:18","modified_gmt":"2024-08-22T13:39:18","slug":"eletrostatica-01-carga-eletrica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/formulario\/eletrostatica-01-carga-eletrica\/","title":{"rendered":"Eletrost\u00e1tica 01 – Carga el\u00e9trica"},"content":{"rendered":"

Formul\u00e1rio completo de F\u00edsica com informa\u00e7\u00f5es \u00fateis <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(Dicas para vestibulares)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Eletrost\u00e1tica 01<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Carga el\u00e9trica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Corpos eletrizados<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Informa\u00e7\u00f5es \u00fateis <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(dicas para vestibulares)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>carga el\u00e9trica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>total<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>de um corpo \u00e9 uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>grandeza quantizada,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> ou seja, ela \u00e9 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sempre\u00a0m\u00faltiplo inteiro da carga el\u00e9trica\u00a0elementar\u00a0\u2502e\u2502= 1,6.10<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>-19<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span> C e Q\/\u2502e\u2502= n (n\u00famero inteiro.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Devido \u00e0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>facilidade de fornecer el\u00e9trons livres,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0alguns corpos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(a maioria dos metais<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>)<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0s\u00e3o chamados de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>condutores el\u00e9tricos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e usados para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>fabricar os fios de cabos e aparelhos el\u00e9tricos, pois s\u00e3o\u00a0bons condutores do fluxo de el\u00e9trons livres.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Quando um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>condutor neutro <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(oco ou maci\u00e7o) \u00e9 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>eletrizado<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>recebendo,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>por exemplo,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>el\u00e9trons, (figura A)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>esses el\u00e9trons em excesso se repelem<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e como o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>material \u00e9 condutor<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(permitem a movimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>el\u00e9trons livres) eles <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>tendem a se deslocarem ficando o mais longe poss\u00edvel, que \u00e9\u00a0sua superf\u00edcie externa.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Se esse condutor <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>inicialmente neutro<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> perder el\u00e9trons <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ficar\u00e1 com <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>excesso de pr\u00f3tons <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(figura B) que se <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>repelem e que tamb\u00e9m se localizar\u00e3o em sua superf\u00edcie externa.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Todo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>condutor eletrizado,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0quando\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>ligado a terra se descarrega.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Se ele estiver\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>eletrizado com <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>carga negativa<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, ao ser ligado \u00e0 terra\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>(ou tocado com o dedo, pois o corpo humano \u00e9 bom condutor el\u00e9trico),\u00a0o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>excesso de el\u00e9trons se desloca para a terra,\u00a0deixando-o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>neutro.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Se ele estiver\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>eletrizado\u00a0com carga positiva<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>,\u00a0ao ser ligado \u00e0 terra<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0(ou tocado com o dedo),\u00a0os\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>el\u00e9trons da terra\u00a0s\u00e3o atra\u00eddos para ele, descarregando-o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Terra tem capacidade de descarregar qualquer corpo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> por ser <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>praticamente neutra e muito grande.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Os\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e1tomos de algumas <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>subst\u00e2ncias isolantes<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0como a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>madeira seca, a mica, o vidro, a<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>cer\u00e2mica, o pl\u00e1stico, a borracha, o ar seco, etc.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>n\u00e3o permitem a passagem do fluxo de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> el\u00e9trons\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ou <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>deixam passar apenas um pequeno n\u00famero deles<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Seus\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e1tomos t\u00eam grande dificuldade em ceder ou receber os el\u00e9trons livres<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0pois est\u00e3o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>fortemente unidos \u00e0s \u00faltimas camadas eletr\u00f4nicas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e3o os <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>chamados\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>materiais isolantes,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0usados para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>recobrir os fios, cabos e aparelhos el\u00e9tricos.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Um corpo eletrizado pode atrair
\num corpo neutro<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Aproxima-se um condutor eletrizado<\/b><\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>por exemplo<\/b><\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>negativamente de um condutor neutro,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>sem<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

encostar,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>mas bem pr\u00f3ximos (figura 1).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Os\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>el\u00e9trons livres do induzido ser\u00e3o repelidos<\/b><\/span><\/span>, ficando o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>lado direito do induzido com excesso de<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>el\u00e9trons\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>e o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>lado esquerdo com falta de el\u00e9trons, fen\u00f4meno que recebe o nome de\u00a0indu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>el\u00e9trica\u00a0(figura 2).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Observe na\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>figura 2 que a\u00a0for\u00e7a de atra\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0entre as cargas negativas e positivas \u00e9\u00a0maior\u00a0que a\u00a0for\u00e7a de repuls\u00e3o\u00a0entre as cargas negativas\u00a0porque a dist\u00e2ncia entre as cargas\u00a0que se atraem\u00a0\u00e9 menor\u00a0e, quanto\u00a0menor a dist\u00e2ncia\u00a0entre cargas de mesmo m\u00f3dulo,\u00a0maior a for\u00e7a\u00a0entre elas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Portanto,\u00a0um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>corpo eletrizado pode atrair um corpo neutro,\u00a0por indu\u00e7\u00e3o, <\/b><\/span><\/span>figura 3.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Formul\u00e1rio completo de F\u00edsica com informa\u00e7\u00f5es \u00fateis (Dicas para vestibulares) Eletrost\u00e1tica 01 Carga el\u00e9trica Corpos eletrizados Informa\u00e7\u00f5es \u00fateis (dicas para vestibulares) A\u00a0carga el\u00e9trica\u00a0total\u00a0de um corpo \u00e9 uma\u00a0grandeza quantizada, ou seja, ela \u00e9 sempre\u00a0m\u00faltiplo inteiro da carga el\u00e9trica\u00a0elementar\u00a0\u2502e\u2502= 1,6.10-19 C e Q\/\u2502e\u2502= n (n\u00famero inteiro. Devido \u00e0\u00a0facilidade de fornecer el\u00e9trons livres,\u00a0alguns corpos\u00a0(a maioria dos metais)\u00a0s\u00e3o chamados de\u00a0condutores el\u00e9tricos\u00a0e usados para\u00a0fabricar os<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3987,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-4193","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4193","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4193"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4193\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4194,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/4193\/revisions\/4194"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3987"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4193"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}