{"id":3650,"date":"2018-02-13T13:43:02","date_gmt":"2018-02-13T13:43:02","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/?page_id=3650"},"modified":"2024-06-26T15:12:31","modified_gmt":"2024-06-26T15:12:31","slug":"transformacoes-de-energia-energia-mecanica","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/enem\/transformacoes-de-energia-energia-mecanica\/","title":{"rendered":"Transforma\u00e7\u00f5es de Energia \u2013 Energia Mec\u00e2nica"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\\ Black, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Transforma\u00e7\u00f5es de Energia \u2013 Energia Mec\u00e2nica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\\ Black, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>01-(ENEM-MEC)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_15efa339.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"235\" height=\"125\" name=\"Imagem 1\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>No processo de obten\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade, ocorrem v\u00e1rias transforma\u00e7\u00f5es de energia. Considere duas delas:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_6404b005.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"650\" height=\"217\" name=\"Imagem 30\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>I. cin\u00e9tica em el\u00e9trica\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>II. potencial gravitacional em cin\u00e9tica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Analisando o esquema a seguir, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel identificar que elas se encontram, respectivamente, entre:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>a) I &#8211; a \u00e1gua no n\u00edvel h e a turbina, II &#8211; o gerador e a torre de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>b) I &#8211; a \u00e1gua no n\u00edvel h e a turbina, II &#8211; a turbina e o gerador.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>c) I &#8211; a turbina e o gerador, II &#8211; a turbina e o gerador.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>d) I &#8211; a turbina e o gerador, II &#8211; a \u00e1gua no n\u00edvel h e a turbina.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>e) I &#8211; o gerador e a torre de distribui\u00e7\u00e3o, II &#8211; a \u00e1gua no n\u00edvel h e a turbina.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\\ Black, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>02-(ENEM-MEC)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_5621530d.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"215\" height=\"103\" name=\"Imagem 3\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A energia t\u00e9rmica liberada em processos de fiss\u00e3o nuclear pode ser utilizada na gera\u00e7\u00e3o de vapor para produzir energia mec\u00e2nica que, por sua vez, ser\u00e1 convertida em energia el\u00e9trica.\u00a0 Abaixo est\u00e1 representado um esquema b\u00e1sico de uma usina de energia nuclear.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_23a5512c.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"635\" height=\"286\" name=\"Imagem 4\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A partir do esquema s\u00e3o feitas as seguintes afirma\u00e7\u00f5es:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>I. a energia liberada na rea\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 usada para ferver a \u00e1gua que, como vapor a alta press\u00e3o, aciona a turbina.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>II. a turbina, que adquire uma energia cin\u00e9tica de rota\u00e7\u00e3o, \u00e9 acoplada mecanicamente ao gerador para produ\u00e7\u00e3o de energia el\u00e9trica.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>III. a \u00e1gua depois de passar pela turbina \u00e9 pr\u00e9-aquecida no condensador e bombeada de volta ao reator.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Dentre as afirma\u00e7\u00f5es acima, somente est\u00e1(\u00e3o) correta(s):<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_2e08fe44.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"765\" height=\"21\" name=\"Imagem 31\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\\ Black, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>03-(ENEM-MEC)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_d0a78555.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"177\" height=\"111\" name=\"Imagem 5\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A energia t\u00e9rmica liberada em processos de fiss\u00e3o nuclear pode ser utilizada na gera\u00e7\u00e3o de vapor para produzir energia mec\u00e2nica que, por sua vez, ser\u00e1 convertida em energia el\u00e9trica. Abaixo est\u00e1 representado um esquema b\u00e1sico de uma usina de energia<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_159549c7.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"567\" height=\"216\" name=\"Imagem 6\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>nuclear. Com rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao impacto ambiental causado pela polui\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica no processo de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o da usina nuclear, s\u00e3o feitas as seguintes afirma\u00e7\u00f5es:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>I. o aumento na temperatura reduz, na \u00e1gua do rio, a quantidade de oxig\u00eanio nela dissolvido, que \u00e9 essencial para a vida aqu\u00e1tica e para a decomposi\u00e7\u00e3o da mat\u00e9ria org\u00e2nica.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>II. o aumento da temperatura da \u00e1gua modifica o metabolismo dos peixes.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>III. o aumento na temperatura da \u00e1gua diminui o crescimento de bact\u00e9rias e de algas, favorecendo o desenvolvimento da vegeta\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Das afirmativas acima, somente esta(\u00e3o) correta(s):<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_7d73438a.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"765\" height=\"17\" name=\"Imagem 34\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\\ Black, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>04-(ENEM-MEC)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_2e0b254e.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"308\" height=\"99\" name=\"Imagem 7\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Mochila geradora de energia<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_3dc8de31.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"726\" height=\"213\" name=\"Imagem 8\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>&#8211; A mochila tem uma estrutura r\u00edgida semelhante \u00e0 usada por alpinistas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>&#8211; O compartimento de carga \u00e9 suspenso por molas colocadas na vertical.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>&#8211; Durante a caminhada, os quadris sobem e descem em m\u00e9dia cinco cent\u00edmetros. A energia produzida pelo vai-e-vem do compartimento de peso faz girar um motor conectado ao gerador de eletricidade.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Com o projeto de mochila ilustrado na figura 1, pretende-se aproveitar, na gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia el\u00e9trica para acionar dispositivos eletr\u00f4nicos port\u00e1teis, parte da energia desperdi\u00e7ada no ato de caminhar. As transforma\u00e7\u00f5es de energia envolvidas na produ\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade enquanto uma pessoa caminha com essa mochila podem ser esquematizadas conforme ilustrado na figura 2.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>As energias I e II, representadas no esquema anterior, podem ser identificadas, respectivamente, como<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>a) cin\u00e9tica e el\u00e9trica.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>b) t\u00e9rmica e cin\u00e9tica.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>c) t\u00e9rmica e el\u00e9trica.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>d) sonora e t\u00e9rmica.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>e) radiante e el\u00e9trica.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\\ Black, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>05-(ENEM-MEC)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_c1897362.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"218\" height=\"102\" name=\"Imagem 9\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Observe a situa\u00e7\u00e3o descrita na tirinha abaixo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Assim que o menino lan\u00e7a a flecha, h\u00e1 transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de um tipo de energia em outra. A transforma\u00e7\u00e3o, nesse caso, \u00e9 de energia:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_7225d535.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"784\" height=\"218\" name=\"Imagem 35\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>a) potencial el\u00e1stica em energia gravitacional.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>b) gravitacional em energia potencial.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>c) potencial el\u00e1stica em energia cin\u00e9tica.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>d) cin\u00e9tica em energia potencial el\u00e1stica.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>e) gravitacional em energia cin\u00e9tica.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\\ Black, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>06-(ENEM-MEC)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_ea69cb5a.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"216\" height=\"111\" name=\"Imagem 11\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Na figura a seguir est\u00e1 esquematizado um tipo de\u00a0usina utilizada na gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade. Analisando\u00a0o\u00a0esquema, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel\u00a0identificar\u00a0que\u00a0se\u00a0trata\u00a0de uma\u00a0usina:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_ae381df1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"777\" height=\"235\" name=\"Imagem 12\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b><br \/>\na) hidrel\u00e9trica,\u00a0porque\u00a0a \u00e1gua\u00a0corrente\u00a0baixa\u00a0a\u00a0temperatura\u00a0da\u00a0turbina.<br \/>\nb) hidrel\u00e9trica,\u00a0porque\u00a0a\u00a0usina\u00a0faz\u00a0uso\u00a0da\u00a0energia\u00a0cin\u00e9tica da \u00e1gua.<br \/>\nc) termoel\u00e9trica,\u00a0porque\u00a0no\u00a0movimento\u00a0das\u00a0turbinas\u00a0ocorre\u00a0aquecimento.<br \/>\nd) e\u00f3lica,\u00a0porque\u00a0a\u00a0turbina\u00a0\u00e9 movida pelo\u00a0movimento\u00a0da \u00e1gua.<br \/>\ne) nuclear,\u00a0porque\u00a0a\u00a0energia\u00a0\u00e9 obtida do n\u00facleo das mol\u00e9culas de \u00e1gua.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\\ Black, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>07-(ENEM-MEC)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_204beb2f.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"225\" height=\"121\" name=\"Imagem 13\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>O\u00a0diagrama\u00a0abaixo representa a\u00a0energia\u00a0solar que atinge a Terra e sua utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o na gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade. A\u00a0energia\u00a0solar \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel pela manuten\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo da \u00e1gua, pela movimenta\u00e7\u00e3o do ar, e pelo ciclo do carbono que ocorre atrav\u00e9s da fotoss\u00edntese dos vegetais, da decomposi\u00e7\u00e3o e da respira\u00e7\u00e3o dos seres vivos, al\u00e9m da forma\u00e7\u00e3o de combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_be8db4fb.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"748\" height=\"263\" name=\"Imagem 14\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>De acordo com este diagrama, uma das modalidades de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de energia el\u00e9trica envolve combust\u00edveis fosseis. A modalidade de produ\u00e7\u00e3o, o combust\u00edvel e a escala de tempo t\u00edpica associada \u00e0 forma\u00e7\u00e3o desse combust\u00edvel s\u00e3o, respectivamente,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>a) hidroel\u00e9tricas \u2013 chuvas \u2013 um dia\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>b) hidroel\u00e9tricas \u2013 aquecimento do solo \u2013 um m\u00eas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>c) termoel\u00e9tricas \u2013 petr\u00f3leo \u2013 200 anos\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>d) termoel\u00e9tricas \u2013 aquecimento do solo \u2013 um milh\u00e3o de anos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>e) termoel\u00e9tricas \u2013 petr\u00f3leo \u2013 500 milh\u00f5es de anos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\\ Black, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>08- (ENEM-MEC)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_40ac0dd5.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"247\" height=\"118\" name=\"Imagem 15\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>O\u00a0diagrama\u00a0abaixo representa a\u00a0energia\u00a0solar que atinge a Terra e sua utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o na gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade. A\u00a0energia\u00a0solar \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel pela manuten\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo da \u00e1gua, pela movimenta\u00e7\u00e3o do ar, e pelo ciclo do carbono que ocorre atrav\u00e9s da fotoss\u00edntese dos vegetais, da decomposi\u00e7\u00e3o e da respira\u00e7\u00e3o dos seres vivos, al\u00e9m da forma\u00e7\u00e3o de combust\u00edveis f\u00f3sseis.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>No diagrama est\u00e3o representadas as duas modalidades mais comuns de usinas el\u00e9tricas, as hidroel\u00e9tricas e as termoel\u00e9tricas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_8cf11447.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"777\" height=\"197\" name=\"Imagem 16\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>No Brasil, a constru\u00e7\u00e3o de usinas hidroel\u00e9tricas deve ser incentivada porque essas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>I. utilizam fontes renov\u00e1veis, o que n\u00e3o ocorre com as termoel\u00e9tricas que utilizam fontes que necessitam de bilh\u00f5es de anos para serem reabastecidas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>II. apresentam impacto ambiental nulo, pelo represamento das \u00e1guas no curso normal dos rios.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>III. aumentam o \u00edndice pluviom\u00e9trico da regi\u00e3o de seca do Nordeste, pelo represamento de \u00e1guas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Das tr\u00eas afirma\u00e7\u00f5es lidas, somente<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>a) I esta correta.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>b) II esta correta.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>c) III esta correta.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>d) I e II est\u00e3o corretas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>e) II e III est\u00e3o corretas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\\ Black, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>09-(ENEM-MEC)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_d967b643.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"241\" height=\"115\" name=\"Imagem 17\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A tabela a seguir apresenta alguns exemplos de processos, fen\u00f4menos ou objetos em que ocorrem transforma\u00e7\u00f5es de energia. Nessa tabela, aparecem as dire\u00e7\u00f5es de transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de energia. Por <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_9d145120.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"783\" height=\"157\" name=\"Imagem 18\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>exemplo, o termopar e um dispositivo onde energia t\u00e9rmica se transforma em energia el\u00e9trica.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Dentre os processos indicados na tabela, ocorre conserva\u00e7\u00e3o de energia<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>a) em todos os processos.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>b) somente nos processos que envolvem transforma\u00e7\u00f5es de energia sem dissipa\u00e7\u00e3o de calor.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>c) somente nos processos que envolvem transforma\u00e7\u00f5es de energia mec\u00e2nica.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>d) somente nos processos que n\u00e3o envolvem energia qu\u00edmica.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>e) somente nos processos que n\u00e3o envolvem nem energia qu\u00edmica nem energia t\u00e9rmica.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\\ Black, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>10-(ENEM-MEC)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_ed108527.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"205\" height=\"95\" name=\"Imagem 36\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Deseja-se instalar uma esta\u00e7\u00e3o de gera\u00e7\u00e3o de energia el\u00e9trica em um munic\u00edpio localizado no interior de um pequeno vale cercado de altas montanhas de dif\u00edcil acesso. A cidade \u00e9 cruzada por <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_cc997c57.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"532\" height=\"194\" name=\"Imagem 20\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>um rio, que \u00e9 fonte de \u00e1gua para consumo,irriga\u00e7\u00e3o das lavouras de subsist\u00eancia e pesca. Na regi\u00e3o, que possui pequena extens\u00e3o territorial, a incid\u00eancia solar \u00e9 alta o ano todo. A esta\u00e7\u00e3o em quest\u00e3o ir\u00e1 abastecer apenas o munic\u00edpio apresentado.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Qual forma de obten\u00e7\u00e3o de energia, entre as apresentadas, \u00e9 a mais indicada para ser implantada nesse munic\u00edpio de modo a causar o menor impacto ambiental?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>a) Termel\u00e9trica, pois \u00e9 poss\u00edvel utilizar a \u00e1gua do rio no sistema de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>b) E\u00f3lica, pois a geografia do local \u00e9 pr\u00f3pria para a capta\u00e7\u00e3o desse tipo de energia.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>c) Nuclear, pois o modo de resfriamento de seus sistemas n\u00e3o afetaria a popula\u00e7\u00e3o.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>d) Fotovoltaica, pois \u00e9 poss\u00edvel aproveitar a energia solar que chega \u00e0 superf\u00edcie do local.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>e) Hidrel\u00e9trica, pois o rio que corta o munic\u00edpio \u00e9 suficiente para abastecer a usina constru\u00edda.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\\ Black, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>11- (ENEM-MEC)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_1faed56f.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"226\" height=\"110\" name=\"Imagem 21\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Os n\u00fameros e cifras envolvidos, quando lidamos com dados sobre produ\u00e7\u00e3o e consumo de energia em nosso pais, s\u00e3o sempre muito grandes.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Apenas no setor residencial, em um \u00fanico dia, o consumo de energia el\u00e9trica e da ordem de 200 mil MWh. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Para avaliar esse consumo, imagine uma situa\u00e7\u00e3o em que o Brasil n\u00e3o dispusesse de hidrel\u00e9tricas e tivesse de depender somente de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_c979a4e5.jpg\" alt=\"Energia\" width=\"531\" height=\"193\" name=\"Imagem 22\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>termoel\u00e9tricas, onde cada kg de carv\u00e3o, ao ser queimado, permite obter uma quantidade de energia da ordem de 10kWh. Considerando que um caminh\u00e3o transporta em media, 10 toneladas de carv\u00e3o, a quantidade de caminh\u00f5es de carv\u00e3o necess\u00e1ria para abastecer as termoel\u00e9tricas, a cada dia, seria da ordem de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_d67072b0.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"766\" height=\"17\" name=\"Imagem 37\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\\ Black, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>12-(ENEM-SP)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_defb77d8.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"254\" height=\"121\" name=\"Imagem 23\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>O diagrama abaixo representa a energia solar que atinge a Terra e sua utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o na gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade. <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_8d267dcb.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"785\" height=\"257\" name=\"Imagem 24\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A energia solar \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel pela manuten\u00e7\u00e3o do ciclo da \u00e1gua, pela movimenta\u00e7\u00e3o do ar, e pelo ciclo do carbono que ocorre atrav\u00e9s da fotoss\u00edntese dos vegetais, da decomposi\u00e7\u00e3o e da respira\u00e7\u00e3o dos seres vivos, al\u00e9m da forma\u00e7\u00e3o de combust\u00edveis fosseis.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_dbd10b0f.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"589\" height=\"269\" name=\"Imagem 25\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>De acordo com o diagrama, a humanidade aproveita na forma de energia el\u00e9trica, uma fra\u00e7\u00e3o da energia recebida como radia\u00e7\u00e3o solar, correspondente a:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_6d2aaba3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"765\" height=\"20\" name=\"Imagem 38\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\\ Black, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>13-(ENEM-MEC)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_72a5ccf.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"263\" height=\"94\" name=\"Imagem 26\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>O esquema abaixo mostra, em termos de potencia (energia\/tempo), aproximadamente, o fluxo de energia, a partir de uma certa quantidade de combust\u00edvel vinda do tanque de gasolina, em um carro viajando com velocidade constante.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_13c2bd25.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"781\" height=\"305\" name=\"Imagem 39\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>O esquema mostra que, na queima da gasolina, no motor de combust\u00e3o, uma parte consider\u00e1vel de sua energia \u00e9 dissipada. Essa perda e da ordem de:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_818be1c7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"765\" height=\"21\" name=\"Imagem 40\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial\\ Black, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>14- (ENEM-MEC)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_9603f1a4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"246\" height=\"130\" name=\"Imagem 41\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>No Brasil, o sistema de transporte depende do uso de combust\u00edveis fosseis e de biomassa, cuja <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/enem\/12\/ENEM12_html_78873f70.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"384\" height=\"176\" name=\"Imagem 29\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>energia \u00e9 convertida em movimento de ve\u00edculos. Para esses combust\u00edveis, a transforma\u00e7\u00e3o de energia qu\u00edmica em energia mec\u00e2nica acontece<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>a) na combust\u00e3o, que gera gases quentes para mover os pist\u00f5es no motor.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>b) nos eixos, que transferem torque as rodas e impulsionam o veiculo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>c) na igni\u00e7\u00e3o, quando a energia el\u00e9trica \u00e9 convertida em trabalho.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>d) na exaust\u00e3o, quando gases quentes s\u00e3o expelidos para tr\u00e1s.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>e) na carbura\u00e7\u00e3o, com a difus\u00e3o do combust\u00edvel no ar.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><a title=\"Resolu\u00e7\u00e3o Comentada \u2013 Transforma\u00e7\u00f5es de Energia \u2013 Energia Mec\u00e2nica\" href=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/enem\/transformacoes-de-energia-energia-mecanica\/resolucao-comentada-transformacoes-de-energia-energia-mecanica\/\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Confira a resolu\u00e7\u00e3o comentada<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/enem\/\">Clique aqui para ver sobre o tema!<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/user\/fisicaevestibular\/playlists\">Confira as v\u00eddeo aulas!<\/a><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\">\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Transforma\u00e7\u00f5es de Energia \u2013 Energia Mec\u00e2nica \u00a0 01-(ENEM-MEC)\u00a0 No processo de obten\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade, ocorrem v\u00e1rias transforma\u00e7\u00f5es de energia. Considere duas delas: I. cin\u00e9tica em el\u00e9trica\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 II. potencial gravitacional em cin\u00e9tica Analisando o esquema a seguir, \u00e9 poss\u00edvel identificar que elas se encontram, respectivamente, entre: a) I &#8211; a \u00e1gua no n\u00edvel h e a turbina, II &#8211; o<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3575,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3650","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3650","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3650"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3650\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9787,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3650\/revisions\/9787"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3575"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3650"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}