{"id":3474,"date":"2018-01-19T01:21:52","date_gmt":"2018-01-19T01:21:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/?page_id=3474"},"modified":"2024-07-15T02:51:40","modified_gmt":"2024-07-15T02:51:40","slug":"unicamp","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/universidades-2018\/unicamp\/","title":{"rendered":"Unicamp"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Unicamp\"<\/h3>\n

Universidade Estadual de Campinas\u00a0(Unicamp)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9 uma\u00a0universidade p\u00fablica\u00a0do estado de\u00a0S\u00e3o Paulo,\u00a0Brasil, considerada uma das melhores universidades do pa\u00eds e da\u00a0Am\u00e9rica Latina.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c9 uma das quatro universidades mantidas pelo\u00a0governo paulista, ao lado da\u00a0Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo\u00a0(USP), da\u00a0Universidade Estadual Paulista\u00a0(Unesp) e da\u00a0Universidade Virtual do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo\u00a0(Univesp).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Fundada em 1962, a Unicamp foi projetada do zero como um sistema integrado de\u00a0centros de pesquisa, ao contr\u00e1rio de outras universidades brasileiras, geralmente criadas pela consolida\u00e7\u00e3o das escolas e institutos anteriormente existentes.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Seu foco em\u00a0pesquisa<\/a>\u00a0reflete que quase metade de seus estudantes s\u00e3o alunos de\u00a0p\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o<\/a>,\u00a0a maior propor\u00e7\u00e3o entre todas as grandes universidades no Brasil. Ela tamb\u00e9m se destaca no grande n\u00famero de cursos de p\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o oferecidos (153, comparados aos 70\u00a0cursos de gradua\u00e7\u00e3o),[8]<\/a>\u00a0al\u00e9m de oferecer v\u00e1rios cursos para cerca de 8 mil estudantes por meio de sua escola de extens\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Seu principal\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>campus<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0ocupa 3,5 quil\u00f4metros quadrados e est\u00e1 localizado no distrito de\u00a0Bar\u00e3o Geraldo, uma \u00e1rea suburbana h\u00e1 12 km do centro de\u00a0Campinas, constru\u00edda logo ap\u00f3s a cria\u00e7\u00e3o da universidade.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A institui\u00e7\u00e3o tamb\u00e9m tem\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>campi<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0sat\u00e9lites nos munic\u00edpios de\u00a0Limeira<\/a>,\u00a0Piracicaba<\/a>\u00a0e\u00a0Paul\u00ednia<\/a>, al\u00e9m de gerir duas\u00a0escolas secund\u00e1rias t\u00e9cnicas<\/a>, localizadas em Campinas e Limeira. Seu financiamento \u00e9 quase inteiramente oriundo do governo do estado. Como outras universidades p\u00fablicas brasileiras, a Unicamp tamb\u00e9m n\u00e3o cobra\u00a0mensalidades\u00a0ou taxas de administra\u00e7\u00e3o para seus cursos de gradua\u00e7\u00e3o e p\u00f3s-gradua\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/p>\n

A Unicamp \u00e9 respons\u00e1vel por cerca de 15% da produ\u00e7\u00e3o cient\u00edfica brasileira.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ela tamb\u00e9m produz mais\u00a0patentes<\/a>\u00a0do que qualquer outra organiza\u00e7\u00e3o de pesquisa brasileira, atr\u00e1s somente da estatal\u00a0Petrobras<\/a>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

V\u00e1rios\u00a0rankings universit\u00e1rios\u00a0internacionais classificam a Unicamp como uma das melhores universidades do mundo. Em 2015, o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>QS<\/b><\/i><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a classificou como a 195\u00aa melhor universidade do mundo, al\u00e9m da 11\u00aa melhor universidade com menos de 50 anos de exist\u00eancia do planeta[15]<\/a>\u00a0e como a 24\u00aa melhor institui\u00e7\u00e3o universit\u00e1ria dos\u00a0BRICS<\/a>\u00a0e de outros\u00a0pa\u00edses em desenvolvimento<\/a>.\u00a0Em 2015, a Unicamp foi a universidade com maior n\u00famero de cursos bem avaliados do pa\u00eds pelo\u00a0Minist\u00e9rio da Educa\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sempre que <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>necess\u00e1rio,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> use <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>acelera\u00e7\u00e3o da gravidade g = 10 m\/s<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span> .<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

01- (UNICAMP-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Mesmo em manh\u00e3s bem quentes, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 comum ver um <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>c\u00e3o tomando sol. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>pelo do animal esquenta <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e sua <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>l\u00edngua do lado de fora sugere que ele est\u00e1 cansado.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>pelo do animal est\u00e1 muito quente, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mas <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mesmo assim<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> o c\u00e3o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>permanece ao sol,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> garantindo a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>produ\u00e7\u00e3o de vitamina D<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>3<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Durante<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> essa exposi\u00e7\u00e3o ao sol, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ocorrem transfer\u00eancias de energia entre o c\u00e3o e o ambiente,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> por <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>processos <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>indicados por <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>n\u00fameros<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> na figura abaixo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(Adaptado de KHAN ACADEMY, Endotherms and ectotherms. Dispon\u00edvel em www.khanacademy.org. Acessado em 26\/07\/17.)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Em <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ordem crescente, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>os <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>n\u00fameros correspondem, respectivamente, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>aos <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>processos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> de <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>convec\u00e7\u00e3o, evapora\u00e7\u00e3o, radia\u00e7\u00e3o, condu\u00e7\u00e3o e radia\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>convec\u00e7\u00e3o, radia\u00e7\u00e3o, condu\u00e7\u00e3o, radia\u00e7\u00e3o e evapora\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

c) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>condu\u00e7\u00e3o, evapora\u00e7\u00e3o, convec\u00e7\u00e3o, radia\u00e7\u00e3o e radia\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

d) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>condu\u00e7\u00e3o, radia\u00e7\u00e3o, convec\u00e7\u00e3o, evapora\u00e7\u00e3o e radia\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

02- (UNICAMP-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Com a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>crise h\u00eddrica de 2015 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>no Brasil <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>foi necess\u00e1rio ligar as usinas termoel\u00e9tricas <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>para a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>gera\u00e7\u00e3o de eletricidade, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>medida que fez <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>elevar o custo da energia para os brasileiros.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>governo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> passou ent\u00e3o a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>adotar bandeiras de cores diferentes na conta de luz <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>para alertar a popula\u00e7\u00e3o. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>bandeira vermelha indicaria <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>que a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>energia estaria mais cara. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>esquema a seguir <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>representa um <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>determinado tipo de usina termoel\u00e9trica.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Conforme o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>esquema apresentado, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>no <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>funcionamento da usina h\u00e1 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>duas transforma\u00e7\u00f5es qu\u00edmicas, uma transforma\u00e7\u00e3o f\u00edsica e n\u00e3o mais que tr\u00eas tipos de energia. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>uma transforma\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica, uma transforma\u00e7\u00e3o f\u00edsica e n\u00e3o mais que dois tipos de energia. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

c) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>duas transforma\u00e7\u00f5es qu\u00edmicas, duas transforma\u00e7\u00f5es f\u00edsicas e pelo menos dois tipos de energia. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

d) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>uma transforma\u00e7\u00e3o qu\u00edmica, duas transforma\u00e7\u00f5es f\u00edsicas e pelo menos tr\u00eas tipos de energia.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

03- (UNICAMP-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Icebergs flutuam na \u00e1gua do mar, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>assim como o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>gelo em um copo com \u00e1gua pot\u00e1vel. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Imagine a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>situa\u00e7\u00e3o inicial de um copo com \u00e1gua e gelo, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>em <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>equil\u00edbrio t\u00e9rmico \u00e0 temperatura de 0 \u00b0C. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Com o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>passar do tempo o gelo vai derretendo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Enquanto houver gelo, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>temperatura do sistema <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>permanece constante, mas o volume do sistema aumenta. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>permanece constante, mas o volume do sistema diminui. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

c) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>diminui e o volume do sistema aumenta. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

d) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>diminui, assim como o volume do sistema.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

04- (UNICAMP-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

A <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>figura abaixo ilustra uma alavanca <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>que <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>gira <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>em torno do <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ponto O.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/p>\n

Dois tri\u00e2ngulos, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>do <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mesmo material e de mesma espessura, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>est\u00e3o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>presos por fios<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> de <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>massa desprez\u00edvel nos extremos da alavanca. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Um <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>tri\u00e2ngulo \u00e9 equil\u00e1tero; <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>outro \u00e9 ret\u00e2ngulo e is\u00f3sceles<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, e sua <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>hipotenusa <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>tem o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mesmo comprimento que os lados do tri\u00e2ngulo equil\u00e1tero.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Note que, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>neste caso, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>peso dos objetos \u00e9 proporcional \u00e0 sua \u00e1rea. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Conclui-se <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>que, na <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>condi\u00e7\u00e3o de equil\u00edbrio da alavanca,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>raz\u00e3o das dist\u00e2ncias, i\/e,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u00e9 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>igual <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

05- (UNICAMP-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Situado na costa peruana, Chankillo,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mais antigo observat\u00f3rio das Am\u00e9ricas, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>composto<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> por <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>treze torres <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>que se <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>alinham de norte a sul <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ao <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>longo <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>de uma <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>colina.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/p>\n

Em <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>21 de dezembro, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>quando ocorre o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>solst\u00edcio de ver\u00e3o no Hemisf\u00e9rio Sul<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Sol nasce \u00e0 direita <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>da <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>primeira torre (sul)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, na <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>extrema direita, a partir de um ponto de observa\u00e7\u00e3o definido. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00c0 medida <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>que os <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dias passam<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>posi\u00e7\u00e3o em que o Sol nasce se desloca entre as torres<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> rumo \u00e0 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>esquerda (norte). <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Pode-se <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>calcular o dia do ano, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>observando-se <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>qual torre coincide com a posi\u00e7\u00e3o do Sol <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ao <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>amanhecer. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Em 21 de junho, solst\u00edcio de inverno no Hemisf\u00e9rio Sul<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Sol nasce \u00e0 esquerda da \u00faltima torre <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>na <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>extrema esquerda <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e, \u00e0 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>medida que os dias passam, vai se movendo rumo \u00e0 direita, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>para <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>reiniciar o ciclo no dezembro seguinte. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sabendo que as <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>torres de Chankillo se posicionam ao longo de 300 metros no eixo norte-sul, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>velocidade escalar m\u00e9dia com a qual a posi\u00e7\u00e3o do nascer do Sol se desloca atrav\u00e9s das torres <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 de aproximadamente <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

06- (UNICAMP-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Recentemente, a ag\u00eancia espacial americana <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>anunciou a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>descoberta de um planeta <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>trinta e nove anos-luz da Terra, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>orbitando uma <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>estrela an\u00e3 vermelha <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>que <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>faz parte da constela\u00e7\u00e3o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>de <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Cetus.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

O <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>novo planeta possui dimens\u00f5es <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>massa pouco maiores do que as da Terra <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e se <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>tornou <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>um dos <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>principais candidatos a abrigar vida fora do sistema solar. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Considere <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>este novo planeta esf\u00e9rico <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>com um <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>raio igual a R<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>P<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span> = 2R<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>T<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span> e <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>massa M<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>P<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span> = 8M<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>T<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span> , <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>em que <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>R<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>T<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span> e M<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>T<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span> s\u00e3o o raio e a massa da Terra, respectivamente.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Assim, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>considerando a Terra esf\u00e9rica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> e <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>usando a acelera\u00e7\u00e3o da gravidade na sua superf\u00edcie como g<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>T<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span> = 10 m\/s<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>valor da acelera\u00e7\u00e3o da gravidade na superf\u00edcie do novo planeta <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ser\u00e1 de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

07- (UNICAMP-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

O <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>primeiro sat\u00e9lite geoestacion\u00e1rio brasileiro<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> foi <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>lan\u00e7ado ao espa\u00e7o em 2017 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e ser\u00e1<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

utilizado para comunica\u00e7\u00f5es estrat\u00e9gicas do governo <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e na <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>amplia\u00e7\u00e3o da oferta de comunica\u00e7\u00e3o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>de <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>banda larga. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>foguete que levou o sat\u00e9lite <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ao espa\u00e7o foi <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>lan\u00e7ado <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>do <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Centro Espacial de Kourou, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>na <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Guiana Francesa.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/p>\n

A <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>massa do sat\u00e9lite \u00e9 constante <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>desde o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>lan\u00e7amento at\u00e9 a entrada em \u00f3rbita <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e vale <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>m = 6,0.10<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>3<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span> kg. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>m\u00f3dulo <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>de sua <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>velocidade orbita<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>l \u00e9 igual a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>3,0 10<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>3<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span> m\/s. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Desprezando <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>velocidade inicial do sat\u00e9lite <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>em <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>raz\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> do <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>movimento de rota\u00e7\u00e3o da Terra, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>trabalho <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>da <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>for\u00e7a resultante sobre o sat\u00e9lite <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>para <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>lev\u00e1-lo at\u00e9 a sua \u00f3rbita <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 igual a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

08- (UNICAMP-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Em <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>junho de 2017 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>uma <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>intensa onda de calor atingiu os EUA<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, acarretando uma s\u00e9rie de <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

cancelamentos de voos do aeroporto de Phoenix no Arizona. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>raz\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u00e9 que o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ar atmosf\u00e9rico se torna muito rarefeito <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>quando a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>temperatura sobe muito<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, o que <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>diminui a for\u00e7a de sustenta\u00e7\u00e3o da aeronave em voo. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Essa for\u00e7a, vertical de baixo para cima, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>est\u00e1 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>associada \u00e0 diferen\u00e7a de press\u00e3o \u2206P <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>entre as <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>partes inferior e superior do avi\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/p>\n

Considere <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>um avi\u00e3o de massa total m = 3 10<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>5<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span> kg <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>em <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>voo horizontal.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/p>\n

Sendo a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e1rea efetiva de sustenta\u00e7\u00e3o do avi\u00e3o A = 500 m<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>, na <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>situa\u00e7\u00e3o de voo horizontal \u2206P <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>vale <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(g= 10 m\/s<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>). <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>5.10<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>3<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span> N\/m<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>b) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>6.10<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>3<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span> N\/m<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>c) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>1,5.10<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>6<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span> N\/m<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>d) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>1,5.10<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>8<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span> N\/m<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

09- (UNICAMP-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\u201cGelo combust\u00edvel\u201d ou \u201cgelo de fogo\u201d <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 como s\u00e3o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>chamados os hidratos de metano <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>que se <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>formam a temperaturas muito baixas, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>em <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>condi\u00e7\u00f5es de press\u00e3o elevada. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

S\u00e3o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>geralmente encontrados em sedimentos do fundo do mar <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ou <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sob <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>camada de solo congelada <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

dos <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>polos. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A consider\u00e1vel <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>reserva de gelo combust\u00edvel no planeta <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>pode se tornar uma <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>promissora fonte de energia alternativa ao petr\u00f3leo. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Considerando que a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>combust\u00e3o completa de certa massa de gelo combust\u00edvel lib<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>era uma <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>quantidade de energia igual a E = 7,2 MJ, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>correto <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>afirmar que <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>essa energia \u00e9 capaz de manter <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>aceso um <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>painel de LEDs de pot\u00eancia P = 2 kW por um intervalo de tempo <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>igual a<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

10- (UNICAMP-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

11- (UNICAMP-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Nos <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00faltimos anos, materiais ex\u00f3ticos <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>conhecidos como <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>isolantes topol\u00f3gicos <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>se tornaram objeto de <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>intensa investiga\u00e7\u00e3o cient\u00edfica <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>em todo o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mundo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

12- (UNICAMP-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

13- (UNICAMP-SP-018)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/span><\/p>\n

Uma <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>lente de Fresnel<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> \u00e9 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>composta<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> por um <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>conjunto de an\u00e9is conc\u00eantricos <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>com <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>uma das faces plana <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>outra inclinada como mostra a figura (a).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b><\/p>\n

Essas lentes, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>geralmente <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mais finas que as convencionais, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>s\u00e3o usadas <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>principalmente<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> para <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>concentrar um feixe luminoso em determinado ponto,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> ou para <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>colimar a luz de uma fonte luminosa, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>produzindo um <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>feixe paralelo, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>como ilustra a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>figura (b).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Exemplos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> desta <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00faltima aplica\u00e7\u00e3o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>s\u00e3o os <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>far\u00f3is de autom\u00f3veis e os far\u00f3is costeiros. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>diagrama da figura (c) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mostra <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>um raio luminoso que passa por um dos an\u00e9is de uma lente de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Fresnel de acr\u00edlico <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sai paralelamente ao seu eixo. <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Se <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sen(\u03b8<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>1<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span>) = 0,5<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>sen(\u03b8<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span>) = 0,75 e o \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o do ar n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ar<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span> = 1, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>valor do \u00edndice de refra\u00e7\u00e3o do acr\u00edlico <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Confira as resolu\u00e7\u00f5es comentadas<\/span><\/a><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Clique aqui para ver sobre o tema!<\/a><\/p>\n

Confira as v\u00eddeo aulas!<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Universidade Estadual de Campinas\u00a0(Unicamp) \u00c9 uma\u00a0universidade p\u00fablica\u00a0do estado de\u00a0S\u00e3o Paulo,\u00a0Brasil, considerada uma das melhores universidades do pa\u00eds e da\u00a0Am\u00e9rica Latina. \u00c9 uma das quatro universidades mantidas pelo\u00a0governo paulista, ao lado da\u00a0Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo\u00a0(USP), da\u00a0Universidade Estadual Paulista\u00a0(Unesp) e da\u00a0Universidade Virtual do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo\u00a0(Univesp). Fundada em 1962, a Unicamp foi projetada do zero como um sistema integrado de\u00a0centros de<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3353,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3474","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3474","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3474"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3474\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10372,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3474\/revisions\/10372"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3353"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3474"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}