{"id":3406,"date":"2017-11-05T23:46:39","date_gmt":"2017-11-05T23:46:39","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/?page_id=3406"},"modified":"2024-07-02T13:55:47","modified_gmt":"2024-07-02T13:55:47","slug":"termologia-2017-2016-2015","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/vestibulares-recentes\/fisica-termica\/termologia-2017-2016-2015\/","title":{"rendered":"Termologia – 2017 \u2013 2016 \u2013 2015"},"content":{"rendered":"

Vestibulares Recentes – 2017 \u2013 2016 \u2013 2015 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/h3>\n

Termologia \u2013 (F\u00edsica T\u00e9rmica)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Propaga\u00e7\u00e3o do calor<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

01-(UFJF-MG-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

02-(ENEM-MEC-016)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Num\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>experimento,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>professor deixa duas bandejas\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>mesma massa, <\/b><\/span><\/span>uma de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>pl\u00e1stico<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0e outra de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>alum\u00ednio,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0sobre a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>mesa do laborat\u00f3rio.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ap\u00f3s\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>algumas horas,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>ele\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>pede aos alunos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>avaliem a temperatura\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>das <\/b><\/span><\/span>duas bandejas,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>usando para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>isso o tato.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Seus\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>alunos afirmam, categoricamente,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0que a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>bandeja de alum\u00ednio <\/b><\/span><\/span>encontra-se\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>numa temperatura mais baixa.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Intrigado,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0ele\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>prop\u00f5e uma segunda atividade,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>em que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>coloca um cubo de gelo sobre cada uma das bandejas,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0que est\u00e3o em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>equil\u00edbrio t\u00e9rmico com o ambiente,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>e os\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>questiona\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>em qual delas a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>taxa de derretimento do gelo ser\u00e1 maior.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>aluno<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>responder corretamente ao questionamento\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>do professor\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>dir\u00e1 que o derretimento ocorrer\u00e1<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a) mais rapidamente\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>na\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>bandeja de alum\u00ednio,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>pois ela tem\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>maior condutividade t\u00e9rmica\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>do\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>a de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>pl\u00e1stico.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b) mais rapidamente\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>na\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>bandeja de pl\u00e1stico,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>pois ela tem\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>inicialmente uma temperatura mais alta que a de alum\u00ednio.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

c) mais rapidamente\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>na\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>bandeja de pl\u00e1stico,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>pois ela tem\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>maior capacidade t\u00e9rmica do que a de alum\u00ednio.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

d) mais rapidamente\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>na de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>alum\u00ednio,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0pois ela tem\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>calor espec\u00edfico menor que a de pl\u00e1stico.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

e) com a mesma rapidez\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>nas\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>duas bandejas,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>pois\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>apresentar\u00e3o a mesma varia\u00e7\u00e3o de temperatura.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Termologia<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Conceitos\u00a0 iniciais<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

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03-(COL\u00c9GIO NAVAL \u2013 2016\/17)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Com rela\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00e0 termologia,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>coloque\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>V (verdadeiro) ou F (falso)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>e, a seguir, <\/b><\/span><\/span>assinale a op\u00e7\u00e3o correta.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

( ) Temperatura\u00a0\"\"\u00a0grandeza f\u00edsica\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>que representa\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>a medida do estado de agita\u00e7\u00e3o m\u00e9dio das mol\u00e9culas de um corpo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

( ) Calor \u2013 energia t\u00e9rmica\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>que passa, de forma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>espont\u00e2nea, do corpo de menor temperatura para o de maior temperatura.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

( ) Fus\u00e3o\u00a0\"\"\u00a0mudan\u00e7a de estado f\u00edsico\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>sofrida por um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>l\u00edquido ao doar uma certa quantidade de calor.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

( ) Evapora\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0\"\"<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0passagem\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>do estado l\u00edquido para o estado gasoso\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>que ocorre\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>de forma lenta.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

( ) Equil\u00edbrio t\u00e9rmico –\"\"\u00a0condi\u00e7\u00e3o f\u00edsica\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>na qual as\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>trocas de calor entre dois ou mais corpos deixam de existir.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

( ) Convec\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0\"\"\u00a0processo de transmiss\u00e3o de calo<\/b><\/span><\/span>r que ocorre devido \u00e0 <\/b><\/span><\/span>movimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de massas, em especial, nos l\u00edquidos e nos gases.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

( ) Caloria\u00a0\"\"\u00a0quantidade de calor\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>necess\u00e1ria para que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>1g de qualquer subst\u00e2ncia tenha sua temperatura alterada em 1\u00b0C .<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>(V) (V) (V) (F) (F) (V) (F)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>(F) (F) (V) (V) (F) (F) (V)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

c)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>(F) (F) (F) (V) (F) (V) (V)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

d)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>(V) (F) (F) (V) (V) (V) (F)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

e)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>(V) (V) (F) (F) (V) (F) (F)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

04-(UNICAMP-SP-016)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>isolamento t\u00e9rmico<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0eficiente \u00e9 um constante desafio a ser superado para que o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>homem\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>possa viver em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>condi\u00e7\u00f5es extremas de temperatura.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Para isso, o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>entendimento completo dos mecanismos de troca de calor \u00e9 imprescind\u00edvel<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Em cada uma das\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>situa\u00e7\u00f5es descritas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a seguir, voc\u00ea deve\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>reconhecer o processo de troca de calor envolvido.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0As\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>prateleiras<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0de uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>geladeira dom\u00e9stica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0s\u00e3o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>grades vazadas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, para <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>facilitar fluxo de energia t\u00e9rmica at\u00e9 o congelador por [\u2026]<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

II.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0O\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00fanico processo de troca de calor que pode ocorrer no v\u00e1cuo \u00e9 por [\u2026].<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

III.\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Em uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>garrafa t\u00e9rmica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, \u00e9 mantido\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>v\u00e1cuo entre as paredes duplas de vidro para evitar que o calor saia ou entre por [\u2026.].<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Na ordem<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, os\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>processos de troca de calor<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0utilizados para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>preencher as lacunas corretamente<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0s\u00e3o:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0condu\u00e7\u00e3o, convec\u00e7\u00e3o e radia\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0condu\u00e7\u00e3o, radia\u00e7\u00e3o e convec\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

c)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0convec\u00e7\u00e3o, condu\u00e7\u00e3o e radia\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

d)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0convec\u00e7\u00e3o, radia\u00e7\u00e3o e condu\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Termometria<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

05-(FDSBC-SP-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>term\u00f4metro graduado na escala J de temperaturas,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>quando em <\/b><\/span><\/span>equil\u00edbrio t\u00e9rmico\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>com um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>l\u00edquido contido num recipiente,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>cuja <\/b><\/span><\/span>temperatura\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>20<\/b><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>\u00a0C, marca 7<\/b><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>\u00a0J.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Esse\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>term\u00f4metro quando em equil\u00edbrio t\u00e9rmico com o l\u00edquido de outro recipiente,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>cuja\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>temperatura<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00e9 de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>140<\/b><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>\u00a0F, passa a marcar 11<\/b><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>\u00a0J.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Com base\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>nessas informa\u00e7\u00f5es,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>podemos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>afirmar que a equa\u00e7\u00e3o termom\u00e9trica que relaciona a escala Celsius de temperaturas (T<\/b><\/span><\/span>Celsius<\/b><\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u00a0) com a escala J de temperaturas (T<\/b><\/span><\/span>J<\/b><\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u00a0) \u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Calorimetria<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Calor sens\u00edvel (espec\u00edfico) e trocas de calor sem mudan\u00e7a de estado<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

06-(UNESP-SP-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

(A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>21,6 \u00baC.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>33,2 \u00baC.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(C)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>45,2 \u00baC.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(D)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>63,2 \u00baC.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(E)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>52,0 \u00baC.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

07-(FUVEST-SP-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

08-(UNESP-SP-015)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

A energia contida nos alimentos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Para determinar o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>valor energ\u00e9tico\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>de um alimento, podemos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>queimar <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>certa quantidade desse produto e, com o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>calor liberado<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>aquecer determinada massa de \u00e1gua<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>. Em seguida, mede-se a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>varia\u00e7\u00e3o de temperatura sofrida pela \u00e1gua depois que todo o produto foi queimado<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, e determina-se a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>quantidade de energia <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>liberada na queima do alimento. Essa \u00e9 a energia que tal alimento nos fornece se\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>for ingerido.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

No\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>r\u00f3tulo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>de um pacote de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>castanha-de-caju<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, est\u00e1 impressa a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>tabela\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>a seguir, com informa\u00e7\u00f5es nutricionais sobre o produto.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Considere que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>150 g de castanha\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>tenham sido queimados e que <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>determinada massa m de \u00e1gua,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>submetida \u00e0 chama dessa combust\u00e3o, tenha sido\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>aquecida de 15 \u00baC para 87 \u00baC.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sabendo que o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>calor espec\u00edfico da \u00e1gua l\u00edquida \u00e9 igual a 1 cal\/(g\u00baC)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>apenas 60% da energia liberada na combust\u00e3o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>tenha efetivamente sido utilizada para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>aquecer a \u00e1gua,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>correto\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>afirmar que a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>massa m, em gramas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00e1gua aquecida\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>era igual a<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Calor\u00a0 Latente \u2013 trocas de calor com mudan\u00e7a de estado<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

09-(PUC-RJ\/017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Em uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>experi\u00eancia de f\u00edsica<\/b><\/span><\/span>, um aluno verifica que o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>calor de fus\u00e3o de um dado objeto \u00e9 50 J\/kg.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Para \u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>outro objeto com o dobro da massa, mas feito do mesmo material,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>calor de fus\u00e3o, em J\/kg,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>deve ser<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

10-ENEM-MEC-015)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

As\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>altas temperaturas de combust\u00e3o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>atrito entre suas pe\u00e7as m\u00f3veis <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>s\u00e3o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>alguns<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0dos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>fatores que provocam o aquecimento dos motores \u00e0 combust\u00e3o interna.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>evitar<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>superaquecimento e consequentes danos a esses <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

motores, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>foram\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>desenvolvidos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0os\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>atuais sistemas de refrigera\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, em que um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>fluido arrefecedor com propriedades especiais circula\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>pelo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>interior do motor<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>absorvendo o calor\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>que, ao\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>passar pelo radiador, \u00e9 transferido para a atmosfera.
\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Qual\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>propriedade o fluido arrefecedor deve possuir para cumprir seu objetivo com maior efici\u00eancia?
\na)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Alto calor espec\u00edfico.
\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>b)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Alto calor latente de fus\u00e3o.
\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>c)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Baixa condutividade t\u00e9rmica.
\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>d)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Baixa temperatura de ebuli\u00e7\u00e3o.
\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>e)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Alto coeficiente de dilata\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

11-(UNIFESP-SP-016)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Considere um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>copo de vidro de 100 g contendo 200 g de \u00e1gua l\u00edquida<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, ambos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>inicialmente em equil\u00edbrio t\u00e9rmico a 20 \u00baC.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>copo e a \u00e1gua l\u00edquida<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0foram\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>aquecidos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0at\u00e9 o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>equil\u00edbrio t\u00e9rmico a 50 \u00baC, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>em um ambiente fechado por\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>paredes adiab\u00e1ticas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, com\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>vapor de \u00e1gua inicialmente a 120 \u00baC.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>tabela<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0apresenta\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>valores de calores espec\u00edficos e latentes das subst\u00e2ncias envolvidas nesse processo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Considerando os\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>dados da tabela,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>todo o calor perdido pelo vapor tenha sido absorvido pelo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>copo com \u00e1gua l\u00edquida<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0e que o processo tenha ocorrido ao\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>n\u00edvel do mar,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0calcule:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>quantidade de calor,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>cal,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0necess\u00e1ria para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>elevar a temperatura do copo com \u00e1gua l\u00edquida de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>20 \u00baC para 50 \u00baC.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>massa de vapor de \u00e1gua<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>gramas,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0necess\u00e1ria para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>elevar a temperatura do copo com \u00e1gua<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>l\u00edquida at\u00e9 atingir o equil\u00edbrio t\u00e9rmico a 50 \u00baC.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

12-(UFJF-MG-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

13- (Faculdade de Medicina do Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sabe-se que um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>l\u00edquido possui calor espec\u00edfico igual a 0,58 cal\/g.<\/b><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>C.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Com o intuito de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>descobrir o valor de seu calor latente de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span>, foi realizado um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>experimento onde o l\u00edquido foi aquecido por meio de uma fonte de pot\u00eancia uniforme,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>at\u00e9 sua\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>total vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span>, obtendo-se\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>o gr\u00e1fico abaixo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

O\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>valor obtido para o calor latente de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>do l\u00edquido, em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>cal\/g, <\/b><\/span><\/span>est\u00e1\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>mais pr\u00f3ximo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>de:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

14-(FMJ-SP-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Para se elevar a temperatura de certa massa de \u00e1gua\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>de 20\u00b0C para 100\u00b0C<\/b><\/span><\/span>, foram necess\u00e1rias\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>1,6.104\u00a0cal<\/b><\/span><\/span>. Sendo o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>calor espec\u00edfico<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0da \u00e1gua igual a<\/b><\/span><\/span>1,0 cal\/g.\u00b0C<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0e\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>o calor latente de vaporiza\u00e7\u00e3o da \u00e1gua 540 cal\/g<\/b><\/span><\/span>, a <\/b><\/span><\/span>quantidade de calor necess\u00e1ria apenas para vaporizar\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>essa massa de \u00e1gua \u00e9<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A) 4,32 \u00d7 104\u00a0cal.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(B) 5,40 \u00d7 104\u00a0cal.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(C) 1,08 \u00d7 105\u00a0cal.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(D) 6,48 \u00d7 105\u00a0cal.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(E) 8,64 \u00d7 105\u00a0cal.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Trocas de Calor<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

15-(PUC-SP-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>x\u00edcara cont\u00e9m 30mL de caf\u00e9 a 60 C.<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>Qual\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>a quantidade, em <\/b><\/span><\/span>mL, de leite frio,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>cuja<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\"\"<\/p>\n

temperatura \u00e9 de 10<\/b><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>C,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0que devemos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>despejar nessa x\u00edcara para obtermos uma mistura de caf\u00e9 com leite a 40<\/b><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>C?\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>Considere as <\/b><\/span><\/span>trocas de calor apenas entre o caf\u00e9 e o leite, seus calores espec\u00edficos iguais e suas densidades iguais a 1g\/cm<\/b><\/span><\/span>3<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>15<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>20<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(C)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>25<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(D)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>35<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

16-(ENEM-MEC-015)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>garrafa t\u00e9rmica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0tem como\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>fun\u00e7\u00e3o evitar a troca de calor entre o l\u00edquido<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0nela\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>contido e o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ambiente,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0mantendo a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>temperatura de seu conte\u00fado constante.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Uma forma de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>orientar os consumidores<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0na compra de uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>garrafa t\u00e9rmica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0seria criar um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>selo de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>qualidade<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, como se faz\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>atualmente<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0para <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>informar o consumo de energia de eletrodom\u00e9sticos.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

O\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>selo identificaria cinco categorias<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0e informaria a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>varia\u00e7\u00e3o de temperatura do conte\u00fado da garrafa,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0depois de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>decorridas seis horas de seu fechamento,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0por meio de uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>porcentagem do valor inicial<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <\/b>da temperatura de equil\u00edbrio do l\u00edquido na garrafa.
\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>O quadro <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>apresenta as categorias e os intervalos de varia\u00e7\u00e3o percentual da temperatura.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\"\"<\/p>\n

Para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>atribuir uma categoria a um modelo de garrafa t\u00e9rmica,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0s\u00e3o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>preparadas e misturadas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, em uma garrafa,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>duas amostras de \u00e1gua, uma a 10\u00b0C e outra a 40\u00b0C,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0na propor\u00e7\u00e3o de um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ter\u00e7o de \u00e1gua fria<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>para dois ter\u00e7os de \u00e1gua quente.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>garrafa \u00e9 fechada.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>Seis horas depois<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>abre-se<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a garrafa e\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>mede-se a temperatura da \u00e1gua<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, obtendo-se\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>16\u00b0C.
\nQual selo deveria ser posto na garrafa t\u00e9rmica testada?<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Dilatometria<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Dilata\u00e7\u00e3o linear, superficial e volum\u00e9trica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

17-(MACKENZIE-SP-2017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

18-(AFA \u2013 016\/017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

19-(Medicina \u2013 USCS-SP-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

20-(FGV-SP-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>bloco met\u00e1lico, maci\u00e7o, homog\u00eaneo, de capacidade t\u00e9rmica C,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0\u00e9 feito de um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>material de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

coeficiente de dilata\u00e7\u00e3o linear\u00a0\u03b1\u00a0e ocupa um volume\u00a0V<\/b><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00e0 temperatura ambiente.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ele \u00e9\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>colocado no interior de um forno quente\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>e\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>recebe uma quantidade de calor Q\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>at\u00e9 entrar em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>equil\u00edbrio t\u00e9rmico com o forno sem sofrer mudan\u00e7a de estado f\u00edsico.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Como\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>consequ\u00eancia, seu volume sofre uma dilata\u00e7\u00e3o \u2206V.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Tal dilata\u00e7\u00e3o \u00e9 diretamente proporcional a V<\/b><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/sub><\/span>,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

21-(AFA \u2013 015\/016)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Consultando uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>tabela da dilata\u00e7\u00e3o t\u00e9rmica dos s\u00f3lidos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0verifica-se que o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>coeficiente de dilata\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

linear do ferro \u00e9 13.10<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>-6<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>C<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>-1<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Portanto, pode-se\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>concluir que<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0num dia de ver\u00e3o em que a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>temperatura variar 20 \u00b0C<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>comprimento de uma barra de ferro de 10,0 m sofrer\u00e1 uma varia\u00e7\u00e3o de 2,6 cm<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>coeficiente de dilata\u00e7\u00e3o superficial do ferro \u00e9 169.10<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>-6<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>C<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>-1<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>..<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

c)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>cada 1 \u00b0C de varia\u00e7\u00e3o de temperatura<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>comprimento de uma barra de 1,0 m desse material varia 13.10<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>-6<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>m<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u22c5<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

d)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>coeficiente de dilata\u00e7\u00e3o volum\u00e9trica do ferro \u00e9 39.10<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>-18<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>C<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>-1<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Termodin\u00e2mica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Mudan\u00e7as de estado f\u00edsico<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

22-(FGV-SP-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ao\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>ser admitido no interior da c\u00e2mara de combust\u00e3o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>do\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>motor de uma motocicleta<\/b><\/span><\/span>, o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

vapor de etanol chega a ocupar o volume de 120 cm3\u00a0sob press\u00e3o de 1,0 atm e temperatura de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\"\"<\/p>\n

127\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>C.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Ap\u00f3s o tempo de admiss\u00e3o, o pist\u00e3o sobe,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>volume\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>ocupado por essa mistura\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>diminui para 20 cm<\/b><\/span><\/span>3<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>e a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>press\u00e3o aumenta para 12 atm.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Considerando a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>mistura um g\u00e1s ideal<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0e\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>desprezando perdas de calor devido \u00e0 r\u00e1pida compress\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span>, a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>temperatura do g\u00e1s resultante desse processo no interior da c\u00e2mara\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>passa a ser,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>o<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>C, <\/b><\/span><\/span>de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Transforma\u00e7\u00f5es gasosas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

23- (EsPCEx- AMAN \u2013 SP- RJ \u2013 2016\/17)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Durante um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>experimento, um g\u00e1s perfeito \u00e9 comprimido, adiabaticamente,<\/b><\/span><\/span>sendo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>realizado sobre\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>ele um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>trabalho de 800 J.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>rela\u00e7\u00e3o ao g\u00e1s,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>ao\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>final do processo,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>podemos\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>afirmar<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0que:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

a)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>volume\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>aumentou, a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>temperatura<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0aumentou e a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>press\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0aumentou.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

b)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>volume\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>diminuiu, a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>temperatura\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>diminuiu e a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>press\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0aumentou.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

c)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>o volume\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>diminuiu,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a temperatura\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>aumentou<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0e a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>press\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0diminuiu.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

d) o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>volume<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0diminuiu, a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>temperatura<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0aumentou e\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>a press\u00e3o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>aumentou.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

e) o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>volume<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0aumentou, a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>temperatura<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0aumentou e a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>press\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0diminuiu.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

24-(UNICAMP-SP-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Em seguida, a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>v\u00e1lvula A \u00e9 fechada\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>e o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>ar que est\u00e1 dentro do pist\u00e3o \u00e9 expulso<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0atrav\u00e9s de uma v\u00e1lvula\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>B, ligada \u00e0 atmosfera, completando um ciclo de bombeamento.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Considere que o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>ar se comporte como um g\u00e1s ideal<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0e que, durante\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>o ciclo completo,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>temperatura n\u00e3o variou.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Se a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>press\u00e3o inicial na c\u00e2mara \u00e9 de P<\/b><\/span><\/span>i<\/b><\/span><\/sub><\/span>\u00a0= 33 Pa,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>press\u00e3o final na c\u00e2mara ap\u00f3s um ciclo de bombeamento ser\u00e1\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Primeiro Princ\u00edpio da Termodin\u00e2mica ou\u00a0 Princ\u00edpio da Conserva\u00e7\u00e3o da energia<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

25-(UNESP-SP-017-Meio do ano)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

A figura 1 mostra um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>cilindro reto de base circular provido de um pist\u00e3o, que desliza sem atrito.<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0O cilindro\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>cont\u00e9m um g\u00e1s ideal \u00e0 temperatura de 300 K,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>inicialmente ocupa um volume de 6,0 \u00d7 10-3\u00a0m\u00b3\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>e est\u00e1 a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>uma press\u00e3o de 2,0 \u00d7 10<\/b><\/span><\/span>5<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>\u00a0Pa.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

O g\u00e1s \u00e9 aquecido,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>expandindo-se isobaricamente,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>e\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>o \u00eambolo desloca-se 10 cm\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>at\u00e9 atingir a posi\u00e7\u00e3o de m\u00e1ximo volume, quando \u00e9 travado, conforme indica a figura 2.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Considerando\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>a \u00e1rea interna da base do cilindro igual a 2,0 \u00d7 10<\/b><\/span><\/span>-2<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span>\u00a0m\u00b2<\/b><\/span><\/span>, determine\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>a temperatura do g\u00e1s,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0em kelvin,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>na situa\u00e7\u00e3o da figura 2.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Supondo que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>nesse processo a energia interna do g\u00e1s aumentou de 600 J, calcule a quantidade de calor, em joules, recebida pelo g\u00e1s.<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Apresente os c\u00e1lculos.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

26-(UFES \u2013 ES \u2013 017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

27-(PUC-SP-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Um\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>g\u00e1s monoat\u00f4mico<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0submetido a uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>press\u00e3o de 1 atm\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>possui\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>volume de 1000 cm3\u00a0quando sua temperatura \u00e9 de 300 K.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\"\"<\/p>\n

Ap\u00f3s\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>sofrer uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>expans\u00e3o isob\u00e1rica,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>seu\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>volume \u00e9 aumentado para 300% do valor inicial. Determine <\/b><\/span><\/span>a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>varia\u00e7\u00e3o da energia interna do g\u00e1s\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>e o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>trabalho mec\u00e2nico, em joules, realizado pelo g\u00e1s durante essa transforma\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>2.102\u00a0e 3.102<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>2.108\u00a0e 2.108<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(C)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>3.104\u00a0e 2.104<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(D)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>3.102\u00a0e 2.102<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

28-(UNIFESP-SP-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>massa constante de g\u00e1s ideal pode ser levada de um estado inicial A a um estado final B\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>por\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>dois processos diferentes,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0indicados no\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>diagrama P \u00d7 V.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Para\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>ocorrer,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0a transforma\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>ACDEB exige uma quantidade Q1\u00a0de calor\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>e a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>transforma\u00e7\u00e3o AFB<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0exige uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>quantidade Q2\u00a0de calor.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Sendo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>TA\u00a0e TB\u00a0as temperaturas absolutas do g\u00e1s nos estados A e B, <\/b><\/span><\/span>respectivamente,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>calcule:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"b)<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>valor<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0da\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>diferen\u00e7a Q1\u00a0\u2013 Q2,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0em\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>joules.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

29-(FUVEST-SP-015)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

A respeito dessas transforma\u00e7\u00f5es<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>afirmou-se o seguinte:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

I.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0O\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>trabalho total<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0realizado no\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>ciclo ABCA \u00e9 nulo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

II.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>energia interna\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>do g\u00e1s no\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>estado C \u00e9 maior que no estado A.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

III.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0Durante a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>transforma\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0\"\"<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>, o g\u00e1s\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>recebe\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>calor<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0e realiza\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>trabalho.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Est\u00e1\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>correto<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span>\u00a0apenas o que se afirma em<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Segunda lei da Termodin\u00e2mica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

30-(PUC-SP-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Um motor de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>pot\u00eancia 2,5 c.v.<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>absorve 925 cal\/s de uma fonte t\u00e9rmica quente<\/b><\/span><\/span>, cuja\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>temperatura\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00e9 de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>927\u00a0oC.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span>\"\"<\/p>\n

Sendo a temperatura da fonte fria de 80,6\u00a0oF,<\/b><\/span><\/span>determine\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>a raz\u00e3o entre o rendimento de um motor\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>Carnot que operasse entre essas mesmas fontes t\u00e9rmicas\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>e o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>rendimento do referido motor.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(A)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>0,75<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(B)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>1,00<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(C)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>1,50<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

(D)\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>2,00<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

31-(FDSBC-SP-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

Em uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>m\u00e1quina a vapor\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>que opera segundo o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>ciclo de Carnot,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>fluido inicia o ciclo na fonte quente\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>a\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>1160,6\u00baF\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>e o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>abandona, na fonte fria,<\/b><\/span><\/span>\u00a0ao sofrer uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>varia\u00e7\u00e3o de 270\u00baC.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

Nessas condi\u00e7\u00f5es,\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span>rendimento m\u00e1ximo te\u00f3rico, em porcentagem<\/b><\/span><\/span>, dessa m\u00e1quina \u00e9 de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

32-(FAMERP-SP-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

33-(UEMG-MG-017)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

\"Termologia\"<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Confira as resolu\u00e7\u00f5es comentadas<\/a><\/span><\/h3>\n

 <\/p>\n

Clique aqui para ver sobre o tema!<\/a><\/p>\n

Confira as v\u00eddeo aulas!<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Vestibulares Recentes – 2017 \u2013 2016 \u2013 2015 Termologia \u2013 (F\u00edsica T\u00e9rmica) Propaga\u00e7\u00e3o do calor   01-(UFJF-MG-017) 02-(ENEM-MEC-016) Num\u00a0experimento,\u00a0um\u00a0professor deixa duas bandejas\u00a0de\u00a0mesma massa, uma de\u00a0pl\u00e1stico\u00a0e outra de\u00a0alum\u00ednio,\u00a0sobre a\u00a0mesa do laborat\u00f3rio. Ap\u00f3s\u00a0algumas horas,\u00a0ele\u00a0pede aos alunos\u00a0que\u00a0avaliem a temperatura\u00a0das duas bandejas,\u00a0usando para\u00a0isso o tato. Seus\u00a0alunos afirmam, categoricamente,\u00a0que a\u00a0bandeja de alum\u00ednio encontra-se\u00a0numa temperatura mais baixa. Intrigado,\u00a0ele\u00a0prop\u00f5e uma segunda atividade,\u00a0em que\u00a0coloca um cubo de gelo<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":3404,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-3406","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3406","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3406"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3406\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9949,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3406\/revisions\/9949"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/3404"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3406"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}