{"id":195,"date":"2014-11-23T20:28:18","date_gmt":"2014-11-23T20:28:18","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/?page_id=195"},"modified":"2024-08-20T11:20:19","modified_gmt":"2024-08-20T11:20:19","slug":"carga-eletrica-e-processos-de-eletrizacao","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/eletricidade\/eletrostatica\/carga-eletrica-e-processos-de-eletrizacao\/","title":{"rendered":"Carga el\u00e9trica e processos de eletriza\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Carga el\u00e9trica e Processos de Eletriza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Eletrost\u00e1tica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_6b90295d.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"43\" height=\"12\" name=\"Imagem 632\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><span style=\"color: #111111;\">\u00a0<\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Eletrost\u00e1tica<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0refere-se ao estudo das <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>propriedades e do comportamento de cargas el\u00e9tricas em repouso.<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> A <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>palavra <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>prov\u00e9m do grego <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>(elektron com statikos)<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> cujo significado \u00e9 <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>estacion\u00e1rio, em repouso.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Carga el\u00e9trica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_5ffb09b9.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"774\" height=\"112\" name=\"Imagem 638\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_8caff323.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"775\" height=\"121\" name=\"Imagem 644\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>partir dos anos 1600 do s\u00e9culo atual<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>busca do \u00e1tomo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> se tornou um exerc\u00edcio experimental<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_5825e4f4.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"774\" height=\"146\" name=\"Imagem 657\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><a name=\"p6\"><\/a><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>para diversos <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>cientistas not\u00e1veis,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> e entre eles est\u00e3o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Robert Boyle, John Dalton, JJ Thomson, Ernest Rutherford e Niels Bohr.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Boyle<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> realizou experimentos com <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>raios cat\u00f3dicos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> (final do s\u00e9culo XIX) cuja <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>conseq\u00fc\u00eancia foi a<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>descoberta do el\u00e9tron carregado negativamente e as origens das primeiras no\u00e7\u00f5es da estrutura<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>destes \u00e1tomos indivis\u00edveis.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_8d888b99.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"775\" height=\"92\" name=\"Imagem 658\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Em <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>1911,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> depois de Thomson, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Ernest Rutherford<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> apresentou seu <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>modelo at\u00f4mico com um n\u00facleo densamente composto de carga positiva e rodeado por el\u00e9trons carregados negativamente, semelhante ao nosso sistema planet\u00e1rio, com o Sol sendo o n\u00facleo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Experimentalmente,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Rutherford <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>concluiu que o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00e1tomo era constitu\u00eddo de uma parte central positiva muito pequena, mas de grande massa que denominou de n\u00facleo e uma parte envolvente negativa e relativamente enorme, a eletrosfera. A dimens\u00e3o do n\u00facleo que era anormalmente pequena em compara\u00e7\u00e3o com o real tamanho do \u00e1tomo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Em <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>1913, Neils Bohr<\/b><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>aperfei\u00e7oou <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>o modelo <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>nuclear de Rutherford,<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> concluindo que os <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>el\u00e9trons estavam presentes em \u00f3rbitas fora do n\u00facleo e que essas \u00f3rbitas eram espec\u00edficas de raio fixo, cada uma caracterizada por n\u00edveis energ\u00e9ticos bem definidos.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Finalmente, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Erwin Schrodinger, Louis Victor de Broglie e Werner Heisenberg,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> reunindo os<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_babec65e.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"398\" height=\"218\" name=\"Imagem 681\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>conhecimentos de seus predecessores e contempor\u00e2neos, acabaram por <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>desenvolver uma nova teoria do modelo at\u00f4mico, v\u00e1lida atualmente, com as seguintes caracter\u00edsticas:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_4c09a28b.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"26\" height=\"13\" name=\"Imagem 659\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"> <span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Os\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>el\u00e9trons possuem carga negativa, massa muito pequena<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> e se <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>movem em \u00f3rbitas ao redor do n\u00facleo at\u00f4mico e s\u00e3o fracamente ligados ao \u00e1tomo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\">\u00a0<span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>O\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>n\u00facleo at\u00f4mico\u00a0est\u00e1 localizado no centro do \u00e1tomo e \u00e9 constitu\u00eddo por\u00a0pr\u00f3tons<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> que s\u00e3o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>part\u00edculas de carga positiva,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> cuja massa \u00e9 aproximadamente 2.000 vezes superior a massa do el\u00e9tron, e\u00a0por <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>n\u00eautrons, part\u00edculas sem carga\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>e com massa ligeiramente superior \u00e0 dos pr\u00f3tons.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>As <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>cargas do el\u00e9tron e do pr\u00f3ton s\u00e3o opostas e convencionou-se atribuir ao el\u00e9tron carga negativa e ao pr\u00f3ton, carga positiva.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Essas cargas t\u00eam o mesmo m\u00f3dulo, mas sinais diferentes, esse valor tem como s\u00edmbolo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>e<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>denominado\u00a0quantidade de carga\u00a0elementar e de valor, em m\u00f3dulo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>e = 1,6.10<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sup><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>-19<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0C\u00a0(coulomb<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>(C), unidade de carga el\u00e9trica no sistema internacional SI.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>carga el\u00e9trica total\u00a0de um corpo \u00e9 uma\u00a0grandeza quantizada, ou seja, ela \u00e9 sempre\u00a0m\u00faltiplo inteiro da carga el\u00e9trica\u00a0elementar\u00a0\u2502e\u2502=1,6.10<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sup><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>-19<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>C <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_d4755ff7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"17\" height=\"11\" name=\"Imagem 677\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/> Q\/\u2502e\u2502=n (n\u00famero inteiro. Isso implicaria em afirmar que a carga elementar \u00e9 a menor quantidade de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>carga encontrada na natureza<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, mas,\u00a0de acordo com o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>modelo at\u00f4mico atual, os pr\u00f3tons e n\u00eautrons n\u00e3o s\u00e3o mais considerados part\u00edculas elementares. Eles seriam formados de tr\u00eas part\u00edculas ainda menores, os quarks.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Admite-se a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>exist\u00eancia de 12 quarks na natureza, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>mas s\u00f3 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>dois tipos formam os pr\u00f3tons e n\u00eautrons<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>quark up (u), de carga el\u00e9trica positiva, igual a 2\/3 do valor da carga do el\u00e9tron, e o quark down (d),<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>de carga el\u00e9trica negativa, igual a 1\/3 do valor da carga do el\u00e9tron.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Um <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>pr\u00f3ton \u00e9 formado por 2 quarks u e um d, implicando numa carga 2\/3 + 2\/3 -1\/3=1.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>O <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>n\u00eautron <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00e9 formado por <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>dois d e um u<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> tendo, portanto, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>carga nula.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_a84faacc.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"774\" height=\"133\" name=\"Imagem 32\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Como os <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>el\u00e9trons s\u00e3o fracamente presos ao \u00e1tomo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> e como <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>est\u00e3o nas camadas externas s\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>eles que se deslocam.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_df3bed58.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"774\" height=\"212\" name=\"Imagem 37\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>eletriza\u00e7\u00e3o de um corpo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> \u00e9 semelhante \u00e0 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>eletriza\u00e7\u00e3o de um \u00e1tomo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\">.<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_97d758fc.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"599\" height=\"106\" name=\"Imagem 42\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Em <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>todo sistema eletricamente isolado<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>soma alg\u00e9brica das cargas el\u00e9tricas \u00e9 constante.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Cargas el\u00e9tricas de mesmo sinal<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> se <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>repelem<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> e <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>cargas el\u00e9tricas de sinais opostos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> se <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>atraem.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Condutores e isolantes el\u00e9tricos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Condutores el\u00e9tricos<br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Os <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00e1tomos dos metais (ferro, ouro, platina, cobre, prata e outros),<\/b><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>corpo humano, o solo, o ar \u00famido, etc.<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> t\u00eam <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>seus el\u00e9trons da \u00faltima camada eletr\u00f4nica fracamente unidos<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, e podem <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>perd\u00ea-los com facilidade<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Esses el\u00e9trons<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> recebem o nome de <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>el\u00e9trons livres.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_d92c4451.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"774\" height=\"141\" name=\"Imagem 88\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Devido \u00e0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>facilidade<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0de fornecer el\u00e9trons livres<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, esses corpos s\u00e3o chamados de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>condutores el\u00e9tricos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0e <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>usados para fabricar os fios de cabos e aparelhos el\u00e9tricos, pois s\u00e3o\u00a0bons condutores do fluxo de el\u00e9trons livres.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>O que voc\u00ea deve saber, informa\u00e7\u00f5es e dicas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_b210a02c.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"15\" height=\"13\" name=\"Imagem 90\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Quando um <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>condutor neutro (oco ou maci\u00e7o) \u00e9 eletrizado recebendo, por exemplo, el\u00e9trons<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, na<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_cb61f6f7.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"774\" height=\"208\" name=\"Imagem 91\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>regi\u00e3o indicada<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> nas figuras<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #111111;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>esses <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>el\u00e9trons em excesso se repelem e como o material \u00e9 condutor<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> (permitem a movimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de el\u00e9trons livres) <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>eles tendem a se deslocarem ficando o mais longe poss\u00edvel, que \u00e9 na sua superf\u00edcie externa<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\">.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Todo <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>condutor eletrizado<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, quando <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>ligado \u00e0 terra se descarrega.<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> Se ele estiver <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>eletrizado com carga negativa<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_71319867.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"775\" height=\"181\" name=\"Imagem 96\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>ao ser <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>ligado \u00e0 terra (ou tocado com o dedo, pois o corpo humano<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00e9 bom condutor el\u00e9trico)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>excesso de el\u00e9trons se desloca para a terra, deixando-o neutro<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Se ele estiver <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>eletrizado com carga positiva,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> ao ser <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>ligado \u00e0 terra (ou tocado com o dedo),<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> os <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>el\u00e9trons<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>da terra s\u00e3o atra\u00eddos para ele, descarregando-o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Terra tem capacidade de descarregar qualquer corpo por ser praticamente neutra e muito grande.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Nas <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>solu\u00e7\u00f5es l\u00edquidas condutoras<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> os <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>portadores <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>de carga s\u00e3o os <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00edons <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>e <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>nos gases s\u00e3o ionizados <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>s\u00e3o os <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00edons e os el\u00e9trons.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Isolantes el\u00e9tricos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Os <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00e1tomos de algumas subst\u00e2ncias<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> como a <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>madeira seca, a mica, o vidro, a cer\u00e2mica, o pl\u00e1stico, a borracha,<\/b><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>o ar seco, etc. n\u00e3o permitem a passagem do fluxo de el\u00e9trons ou deixam passar apenas um pequeno n\u00famero deles<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_25bc1995.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"774\" height=\"167\" name=\"Imagem 110\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Seus <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00e1tomos <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>t\u00eam <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>grande dificuldade em ceder ou receber os el\u00e9trons livres<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, pois est\u00e3o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>fortemente unidos \u00e0s \u00faltimas camadas eletr\u00f4nicas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>S\u00e3o os chamados <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>materiais isolantes, usados para recobrir os fios, cabos e aparelhos el\u00e9tricos.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Como os <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>isolantes n\u00e3o permitem a movimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de el\u00e9trons livres<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, neles, os <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>el\u00e9trons n\u00e3o se<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_1b19f1b3.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"774\" height=\"198\" name=\"Imagem 119\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>deslocam<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> e <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>ficam <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>na regi\u00e3o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>onde foram colocados.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #111111;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Processos de eletriza\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #111111;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Eletriza\u00e7\u00e3o por atrito<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_80f2a7da.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"774\" height=\"174\" name=\"Imagem 125\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Para que ocorra <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>eletriza\u00e7\u00e3o por atrito<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> os <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>corpos atritados<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0devem ser de <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>materiais diferentes<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0e a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de cargas obedece \u00e0 s\u00e9rie <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>triboel\u00e9trica abaixo (fornecida).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_b6021608.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"649\" height=\"51\" name=\"Imagem 490\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Atritando <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>quaisquer materiais dessa s\u00e9rie<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, o que <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>estiver \u00e0 esquerda ficar\u00e1 com carga positiva e o da direita, negativa.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Eletriza\u00e7\u00e3o por contato<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Pode ocorrer<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> entre <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>dois condutores<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> (cargas el\u00e9tricas se distribuem em suas superf\u00edcie externas) ou entre um <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>condutor e um isolante<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> (no isolante as cargas el\u00e9tricas ficam somente no local do contato).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Considere <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>um condutor A eletrizado com carga positiva (Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>= + Q)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> e outro <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>condutor B,<br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>eletricamente <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>neutro<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>(Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>B <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>= 0)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> presos a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>suportes isolantes<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> (para que n\u00e3o descarreguem), <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>inicialmente<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>separados.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Quando s\u00e3o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>colocados em contato<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, os dois se comportam como se fossem <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>um \u00fanico corpo e haver\u00e1 uma distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de cargas nas superf\u00edcies de A e de B.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_a4705c02.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"774\" height=\"163\" name=\"Imagem 492\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Ap\u00f3s essa distribui\u00e7\u00e3o de cargas <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>s\u00e3o separados e A ficar\u00e1 com carga Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sup><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u2019<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0e B com carga Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>B<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u2019<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, tal que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u2019<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>+ Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>B<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u2019 = + Q (princ\u00edpio da conserva\u00e7\u00e3o das cargas el\u00e9tricas).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Observe que, se <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>os\u00a0condutores forem id\u00eanticos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> e com as <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>mesmas dimens\u00f5es<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, voc\u00ea teria\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u2019 = Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>B<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u2019= Q\u2019 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_4196f0ca.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"10\" height=\"13\" name=\"Imagem 38\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> Q\u2019 + Q\u2019 = + Q <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_4196f0ca.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"10\" height=\"13\" name=\"graphics1\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Q\u2019=Q\/2<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_193e15f6.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"720\" height=\"152\" name=\"Imagem 493\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Se os dois corpos <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>forem\u00a0id\u00eanticos<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0e estiverem <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>inicialmente eletrizados com cargas\u00a0Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>A<\/b><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0e Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>B<\/b><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>,<\/b><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>ap\u00f3s <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>o contato eles ter\u00e3o cargas id\u00eanticas Q\u2019 tal que\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Q\u2019= (Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>A<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0+ Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>B<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>)\/2.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Exemplos:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Em todos os casos a seguir as <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>esferas s\u00e3o id\u00eanticas,<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> e <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>ap\u00f3s colocadas em contato s\u00e3o separadas e cada uma delas ficar\u00e1 com carga Q\u2019:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>a)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>= 0 e Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>B<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>= &#8211; 8\u03bcC<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_4196f0ca.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"10\" height=\"13\" name=\"graphics2\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/> Q\u2019 = (Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0+ Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>B<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>)\/2 = (0 \u2013 8\u03bc)\/2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_4196f0ca.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"10\" height=\"13\" name=\"graphics3\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/> <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Q\u2019= &#8211; 4\u03bcC (carga de cada uma ap\u00f3s o contato)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>b) Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>= 2C e Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>B<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>= &#8211; 6C<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_4196f0ca.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"10\" height=\"13\" name=\"graphics4\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/> Q\u2019 = (Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0+ Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>B<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>)\/2 = (2 \u2013 6)\/2 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_4196f0ca.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"10\" height=\"13\" name=\"graphics5\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/> <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Q\u2019 = -2C (carga de cada uma ap\u00f3s o contato)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>c)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>= 6\u03bcC, Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>B <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>= -8 \u03bcC e Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>C<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>= 12 \u03bcC <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_4196f0ca.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"10\" height=\"13\" name=\"graphics6\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> Q\u2019 = (Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0+ Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>B\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>+ Q<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><sub><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>C<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sub><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>)\/3=(6 \u03bc &#8211; 8 \u03bc + 12 \u03bc)\/3 <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_4196f0ca.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"10\" height=\"13\" name=\"graphics7\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Q\u2019= (10\/3) \u03bcC.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #111111;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Eletriza\u00e7\u00e3o por indu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Induzir eletricamente<\/b><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>significa provocar <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>uma separa\u00e7\u00e3o de cargas, sem que haja contato. Observe dois processos:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Primeiro processo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #111111;\"> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_4196f0ca.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"10\" height=\"13\" name=\"graphics8\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/> <\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Considere duas esferas condutoras, inicialmente descarregadas (neutras)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>e encostadas uma na outra (figura 1). <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Aproxima-se, sem encostar,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> uma <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>terceira <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>esfera condutora <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>eletrizada com carga, por<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>exemplo, negativa,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>deixando-a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>bem pr\u00f3xima das duas esferas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> (figura 2).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_cfff124d.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"775\" height=\"307\" name=\"Imagem 54\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>esfera eletrizada<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> provoca uma <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>indu\u00e7\u00e3o el\u00e9trica (movimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de cargas) nas outras duas at\u00e9 que elas apresentem a distribui\u00e7\u00e3o indicada na figura 3.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Em seguida, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>sem tirar do lugar a esfera eletrizada,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>afasta-se um pouco uma esfera da outra.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> Finalmente, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>sem mexer mais nas esferas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>remove-se a esfera eletrizada<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, levando-a para <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>muito longe<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> das esferas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Nessa <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>situa\u00e7\u00e3o final, as<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> cargas se <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>espalham ficando na superf\u00edcie externa de cada carga, ficando eletrizadas conforme a figura 4.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Segundo processo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_4196f0ca.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"10\" height=\"13\" name=\"graphics9\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/> <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Aproxima-se um condutor eletrizado<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, por exemplo, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>negativamente<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> (indutor) de um <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>condutor neutro que se deseja eletrizar (induzido), sem encostar, mas bem pr\u00f3ximos (figura 1).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_5d02e452.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"775\" height=\"172\" name=\"Imagem 65\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Os <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>el\u00e9trons livres do indutor<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> ser\u00e3o <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>repelidos,<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> ficando <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>o lado direito do induzido com excesso de el\u00e9trons<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> e o lado <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>esquerdo com falta de el\u00e9trons,<\/b><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>fen\u00f4meno <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>que recebe o nome de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>indu\u00e7\u00e3o el\u00e9trica\u00a0(figura 2).<\/b><\/span><\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>As <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>cargas el\u00e9tricas<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> que se concentram nas <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>duas extremidades opostas<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> (denominadas\u00a0cargas induzidas) s\u00e3o de <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>mesmo m\u00f3dulo, mas de sinais opostos<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> e, por esse motivo o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>induzido continua neutro.<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Em seguida, <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>ainda na presen\u00e7a do indutor<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> voc\u00ea liga <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>o induzido \u00e0 terra <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>(fio terra ou com seu dedo) e <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>observa que el\u00e9trons se deslocam do induzido para a terra (figura 3).<\/b><\/span><\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_27e4e7f9.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"775\" height=\"142\" name=\"Imagem 67\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Se o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>indutor tivesse cargas positivas<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, ao <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>final de todo o processo o induzido ficaria eletrizado com cargas negativas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Um corpo eletrizado pode atrair<br \/>\num corpo neutro<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Aproxima-se um condutor eletrizado<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>por exemplo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>negativamente de um condutor neutro,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>sem<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_2b082cc8.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"775\" height=\"212\" name=\"Imagem 53\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>encostar,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>mas bem pr\u00f3ximos (figura 1).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Os <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>el\u00e9trons livres do induzido ser\u00e3o repelidos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, ficando o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>lado direito do induzido com excesso de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>el\u00e9trons <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>e o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>lado esquerdo com falta de el\u00e9trons, fen\u00f4meno que recebe o nome de\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>indu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>el\u00e9trica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0(figura 2).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Observe na <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>figura 2 que a\u00a0for\u00e7a de atra\u00e7\u00e3o\u00a0entre as cargas negativas e positivas \u00e9\u00a0maior\u00a0que a\u00a0for\u00e7a de repuls\u00e3o\u00a0entre as cargas negativas\u00a0porque a dist\u00e2ncia entre as cargas\u00a0que se atraem\u00a0\u00e9 menor\u00a0e, quanto\u00a0menor a dist\u00e2ncia\u00a0entre cargas de mesmo m\u00f3dulo,\u00a0maior a for\u00e7a\u00a0entre elas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Portanto,\u00a0um <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>corpo eletrizado pode atrair um corpo neutro,\u00a0por indu\u00e7\u00e3o, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>figura 3.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_22e58c64.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"775\" height=\"89\" name=\"graphics10\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><br \/>\n<\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\"><b>Eletrosc\u00f3pios<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>S\u00e3o dispositivos <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>que apenas indicam se um corpo est\u00e1 ou n\u00e3o eletrizado n\u00e3o fornecendo o sinal da carga e nem seu m\u00f3dulo. Destacam-se dois tipos:<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>P\u00eandulo eletrost\u00e1tico<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_6a3b151f.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"16\" height=\"14\" name=\"Imagem 75\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/> consta de uma <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>pequena esfera de material condutor bem leve<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, suspensa<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_852472bf.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"272\" height=\"171\" name=\"Imagem 73\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>por um <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>fino fio de material isolante.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Com a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>esfera do p\u00eandulo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> inicialmente <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>neutra<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, quando voc\u00ea <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>aproxima ou encosta um\u00a0corpo neutro,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>p\u00eandulo n\u00e3o se move.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Se voc\u00ea\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>aproximar, sem encostar um corpo eletrizado<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, ele provocar\u00e1 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>indu\u00e7\u00e3o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> na <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>esfera do p\u00eandulo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> e\u00a0ela ser\u00e1 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>atra\u00edda.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_a0109f40.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"774\" height=\"150\" name=\"Imagem 74\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Se o\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>corpo carregado encostar na esfera\u00a0do p\u00eandulo<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>ambos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> ficar\u00e3o eletrizados por <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>contato<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, com <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>cargas de mesmo sinal e a\u00a0esfera do p\u00eandulo ser\u00e1 repelida.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Eletrosc\u00f3pio de folhas <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_6a3b151f.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"16\" height=\"14\" name=\"graphics11\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/> Trata-se do aparelho apresentado na <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>figura abaixo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> Observe atentamente <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>cada elemento<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> do mesmo.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_c2eb2dbc.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"649\" height=\"304\" name=\"Imagem 81\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Quando est\u00e1 <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>neutro, as l\u00e2minas permanecem fechadas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> Se voc\u00ea <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>aproximar um corpo eletrizado<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> com carga de <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>qualquer sinal, sem encostar, as l\u00e2minas se abrem<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, pois o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>corpo eletrizado provoca uma indu\u00e7\u00e3o fazendo surgir nas l\u00e2minas cargas el\u00e9tricas de mesmo sinal que o seu, e na esfera, cargas de sinais opostos (figuras abaixo)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_eb655898.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"671\" height=\"171\" name=\"Imagem 82\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Se voc\u00ea <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>afastar o corpo eletrizado<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> as l\u00e2minas <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>retornam \u00e0 situa\u00e7\u00e3o inicial<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>, mas se voc\u00ea <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>encost\u00e1-lo na<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_44500417.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"380\" height=\"146\" name=\"Imagem 83\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>esfera haver\u00e1 eletriza\u00e7\u00e3o por contato e as l\u00e2minas se abrir\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"CENTER\"><span style=\"color: #111111;\"><span style=\"font-size: x-large;\"><b><br \/>\n<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: 'Arial Black', serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: large;\">O que voc\u00ea deve saber, informa\u00e7\u00f5es e dicas<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>As <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>cargas <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>do <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>el\u00e9tron e do pr\u00f3ton<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> s\u00e3o <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>opostas <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>e <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>convencionou-se atribuir ao el\u00e9tron carga negativa e ao<\/b><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>pr\u00f3ton, carga positiva<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> e essas cargas t\u00eam o <\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>mesmo m\u00f3dulo, mas sinais diferentes<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>; esse valor tem como<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>s\u00edmbolo\u00a0e,<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> denominado\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>quantidade de carga\u00a0elementar e de valor, em m\u00f3dulo\u00a0e=1,6.10<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sup><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>-19<\/b><\/span><\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: small;\"><b>C<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0(coulomb (C), unidade de carga el\u00e9trica no sistema internacional SI).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>carga el\u00e9trica<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>total\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>de um corpo \u00e9 uma\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>grandeza quantizada, ou seja, ela \u00e9 sempre\u00a0m\u00faltiplo inteiro da carga el\u00e9trica\u00a0elementar\u00a0\u2502e\u2502= 1,6.10<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><sup><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>-19<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>C e Q\/\u2502e\u2502= n (n\u00famero inteiro.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Subm\u00faltiplos do coulomb (C):<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_d9b17f6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" name=\"Imagem 70\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>1 mC<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> (milicoulomb) = 10<\/b><\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>-3<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>C<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>1 \u03bcC<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> (microcoulomb) = 10<\/b><\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>-6<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>C<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>1 nC<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> (nanocoulomb) = 10<\/b><\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>-9<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>C<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>1 pC <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>(picocoulomb) =10<\/b><\/span><\/span><sup><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>-12<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/sup><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>C<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_6b90295d.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"44\" height=\"12\" name=\"Imagem 47\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_fa4c7e0.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"509\" height=\"95\" name=\"Imagem 84\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Devido \u00e0\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>facilidade de fornecer el\u00e9trons livres,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> alguns corpos <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>(a maioria dos metais)<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> s\u00e3o chamados de <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>condutores el\u00e9tricos<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0e usados para <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>fabricar os fios de cabos e aparelhos el\u00e9tricos, pois s\u00e3o\u00a0bons condutores do fluxo de el\u00e9trons livres.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Quando um<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>condutor neutro (oco ou maci\u00e7o) \u00e9 eletrizado<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>recebendo,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>por exemplo,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>el\u00e9trons,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>esses el\u00e9trons em excesso se repelem<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>e como o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>material \u00e9 condutor<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>(permitem a movimenta\u00e7\u00e3o de<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>el\u00e9trons livres) eles<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>tendem a se deslocarem ficando o mais longe poss\u00edvel, que \u00e9\u00a0sua superf\u00edcie externa.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Todo\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>condutor eletrizado,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0quando <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>ligado a terra se descarrega.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Se ele estiver <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>eletrizado com carga negativa, ao ser ligado \u00e0 terra <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>(ou tocado com o dedo, pois o corpo humano \u00e9 bom condutor el\u00e9trico),\u00a0o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>excesso de el\u00e9trons se desloca para a terra,\u00a0deixando-o<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>neutro.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Se ele estiver <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>eletrizado\u00a0com carga positiva,\u00a0ao ser ligado \u00e0 terra<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> (ou tocado com o dedo),\u00a0os <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>el\u00e9trons da terra\u00a0s\u00e3o atra\u00eddos para ele, descarregando-o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>A <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Terra tem capacidade de descarregar qualquer corpo por ser praticamente neutra e muito grande.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Isolantes<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0<img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-content\/uploads\/migracao\/eletrcidade\/cargas\/i_843011379b2d41bb_html_d9b17f6.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"20\" height=\"14\" name=\"graphics12\" align=\"BOTTOM\" border=\"0\" \/> os <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00e1tomos de algumas subst\u00e2ncias<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> como a <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>madeira seca, a mica, o vidro, a<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b> <\/b><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>cer\u00e2mica, o pl\u00e1stico, a borracha, o ar seco, etc.\u00a0n\u00e3o permitem a passagem do fluxo de el\u00e9trons\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>ou<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>deixam passar apenas um pequeno n\u00famero deles<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Seus <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00e1tomos t\u00eam grande dificuldade em ceder ou receber os el\u00e9trons livres,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> pois est\u00e3o <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>fortemente unidos \u00e0s \u00faltimas camadas eletr\u00f4nicas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><b><\/b><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>S\u00e3o os chamados\u00a0<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>materiais isolantes,<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>\u00a0usados para <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>recobrir os fios, cabos e aparelhos el\u00e9tricos.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Estudar detalhadamente<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> os <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>tr\u00eas processos de eletriza\u00e7\u00e3o.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Um <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>corpo eletrizado<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b> pode atrair <\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000cc;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>um corpo neutro, por indu\u00e7\u00e3o (veja teoria).<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #c00000;\"><span style=\"font-family: Arial, serif;\"><span style=\"font-size: medium;\"><b>Estudar detalhadamente o p\u00eandulo el\u00e9trico e o eletrosc\u00f3pio de folhas.<\/b><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"MsoNormal\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><b><a style=\"color: #000080;\" href=\"http:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/exe_els_1.htm\">Exerc\u00edcios<\/a><\/b><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Carga el\u00e9trica e Processos de Eletriza\u00e7\u00e3o Eletrost\u00e1tica \u00a0A\u00a0Eletrost\u00e1tica\u00a0refere-se ao estudo das propriedades e do comportamento de cargas el\u00e9tricas em repouso. A palavra prov\u00e9m do grego (elektron com statikos) cujo significado \u00e9 estacion\u00e1rio, em repouso. Carga el\u00e9trica A partir dos anos 1600 do s\u00e9culo atual, a busca do \u00e1tomo se tornou um exerc\u00edcio experimental para diversos cientistas not\u00e1veis, e entre eles<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":193,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-195","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/195","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=195"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/195\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":10592,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/195\/revisions\/10592"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/193"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/fisicaevestibular.com.br\/novo\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}